Public Good
For 200 years, Jakarta has grown without the worry of running out of space into which to expand. Initially, European populations moved away from the malaria-infested canals of the city centre, encroaching on the sparsely populated outer areas. Villas surrounded by spacious, well-shaded gardens began cropping up across the city. Eventually, a massive modern urban expansion into the southern hinterland began.
But every urban sprawl has its limits. While urbanisation followed economic opportunities, urban planning efforts could not keep up with the population explosion, resulting in a severe lack of
