Turning History and Geography Upside Down
In 1943, Uruguayan artist Joaquín Torres García used black ink on white paper to draw a simple map of his home continent. In the sketch, the land mass is inverted: The long, hooked tentacle of Chile and Argentina rises upward toward a dominant South Pole at the top of the page. Venezuela, Columbia and Ecuador occupy the very bottom of the map, and North America is not pictured. With this cartographic
