The Case of Wagner / Nietzsche Contra Wagner / Selected Aphoris
Written by Friedrich Nietzsche
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Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche wird 1844 in Röcken in Sachsen geboren. Nach dem Studium der Philologie und Theologie in Bonn und Leipzig wird er mit 24 Jahren Professor für Klassische Philologie in Basel. Dort lernt er Richard Wagner kennen, der sein Denken zusammen mit den Schriften Schopenhauers am stärksten beeinflußt. Im Krieg 1870/71 wird Nietzsche freiwillig Krankenpfleger, kehrt aber selbst erkrankt zurück und muß sich 1879 von seinem Lehramt dispensieren lassen.Als Außenseiter unter den deutschen Philosophen des späten 19. Jahrhunderts bleibt der Philologe Nietzsche in der Philosophie Autodidakt. In seinem ersten philosophischen Werk Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik (1872) entwickelt Nietzsche die These, daß in den Wagnerschen Dramen die Tragödie aus der Musik wiedergeboren wird und formuliert den Antagonismus zwischen Apollinischem und Dionysischem.Schon die Unzeitgemäßen Betrachtungen von 1876 zeigen die Entfremdung von Wagner, die Distanz zur Philosophie Schopenhauers wird mit Menschliches, Allzumenschliches offenbar. Nietzsche wählt die Unabgeschlossenheit der aphoristischen Form, die für ihn zu einem neuen „Denkstil für freie Geister“ paßt. Während des immer stärkeren Rückzugs in die Einsamkeit bereitet Nietzsche die Neuausgaben seiner Werke vor, für die er neue Vorreden schreibt, die als Selbstinterpretationen gelesen werden können. In den Jahren ab 1883 erscheinen die zentralen philosophischen Dichtungen des Spätwerks Also sprach Zarathustra, Jenseits von Gut und Böse oder Ecce homo. 1889 erleidet Nietzsche in Turin den endgültigen geistigen Zusammenbruch und wird in eine Nervenheilanstalt eingeliefert. In zunehmender geistiger Umnachtung verbringt er seine letzten Lebensjahre in der Pflege seiner Mutter und seiner Schwester. Nietzsche stirbt 1900 in Weimar.
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