Born in Hiroshima in 1938. Studied English philology (BA) and linguistics (MA) at Tokyo Kyoiku University, Japan, and obtained PhD in Hebrew, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1970). Taught Hebrew an...view moreBorn in Hiroshima in 1938. Studied English philology (BA) and linguistics (MA) at Tokyo Kyoiku University, Japan, and obtained PhD in Hebrew, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1970). Taught Hebrew and Semitic languages at the University of Manchester, UK (1970–80: lecturer); Melbourne University, Australia (1980–91: professor); Leiden University, Holland (1991–2003: professor). Published extensively on Hebrew, Greek (especially Septuagint, the old Greek translation of the Old Testament), Aramaic, and Syriac. Since retirement from Leiden in 2003, teaching biblical languages and the Septuagint as a volunteer a minimum of five weeks at theological seminaries and universities in Asia as a token of remorse over what Japan did there before 1945 and what it has failed to do since. Married to Keiko Muraoka, with two sons and one daughter.view less