Going-to-the-Sun Road
By Bill Yenne
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About this ebook
Bill Yenne
Bill Yenne is the author of ten novels and more than three dozen non-fiction books, his most recent being America's Few: Marine Aces in the South Pacific (Osprey, 2022). His work has been selected for the Chief of Staff of the Air Force Reading List. He is the recipient of the Air Force Association's Gill Robb Wilson Award for the “most outstanding contribution in the field of arts and letters [as an author] whose works have shaped how thousands of Americans understand and appreciate air power.” He lives in California, USA.
Read more from Bill Yenne
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Going-to-the-Sun Road - Bill Yenne
book.
INTRODUCTION
The Going-to-the-Sun Road is rightfully recognized as one of the most spectacular alpine highways in the world. Since its formal dedication in 1933, it has been the centerpiece of the visitor experience in Glacier National Park. The vast majority of park visitors drive its 51 miles, and none but the most jaded leave without being impressed or amazed. More than a few find themselves unnerved by the steepness, and many pause to marvel with astonishment at the work of the original engineers and builders.
The landscape is one of peerless beauty, but the road itself is an engineering masterpiece. The road has been in the National Register of Historic Places since 1985 and has also been a National Historic Landmark (NHL) since 1997.
A seasonal road, most of it is generally closed between mid-September and early June because of heavy snow, although it occasionally opens in May. The latest openings to date since its July 15, 1933, dedication have been July 2, 2008, July 10, 1943, and July 13, 2011. The earliest opening was on May 16, 1987.
It was in 1910, thanks to the efforts of people such as James J. Hill of the Great Northern Railway and the great naturalist George Bird Grinnell that a million acres of Northwestern Montana were set aside and officially designated as Glacier National Park. Indeed, Grinnell had described the place as the Crown of the Continent,
a description which is borne our by all who drive the Going-to-the-Sun Road.
George C. Doc
Ruhle, who was park naturalist in Glacier from 1929 to 1941 and who is officially credited with naming the road, wrote in his 1949 Guide to Glacier that:
The Going-to-the-Sun Highway [as it was known in the early days] is universally proclaimed as one of the great highways of the world. It skirts the shores of beautiful lakes, winds through deep cedar forests carpeted with ferns, passes lofty waterfalls and foaming cataracts, half-tunnels lofty cliffs, climbs gently but steadily above timber line to the meadows of alpine flowers on Logan Pass. It clings precariously to the Garden Wall, out of which it is hewn, yet is wide and safe with a strong protective guard-rail of stone constructed for miles along it. When it is opened for travel in June, it runs through canyons of snow a dozen or more feet deep, and a thousand crystal waterfalls cascade upon it.
The reckoning of its length varies from 53 miles (counting sections outside the park connecting it to US Highway 2 on the West Side and US Highway 89 on the East Side) to 48.7 miles on the NHL documents, which measures it from the foot of Lake McDonald. In this book, my reckoning is based on the 51 miles within Glacier National Park boundaries.
The idea for the road goes back to plans for visitor access, envisioned when the park was created. At the time that Glacier became a national park, a scant handful of trails reached into this wilderness wonderland of snowcapped peaks and crystal-clear lakes. A two-mile wagon road had been built by Dimon Apgar between the Great Northern Railway station at Belton and the foot of Lake McDonald, where he and others had homesteaded around the 1890s. This road was substantially upgraded under park superintendent William Logan in 1911. Plans were made for roads along the shores of Lake McDonald, but the National Park Service had little money, so road construction was in the hands of entrepreneurs.
In 1909, John Lewis had acquired a rustic lodge 10 miles up on the east shore of Lake McDonald, which had been built in 1896 by George Snyder. In turn, he replaced it with a much grander hotel (still in use) in 1914. Because access to the property was by boat from the foot of the lake, and the government was slow to act, Lewis undertook construction of a road to his hotel on his own initiative. This was completed in 1922.
During the park’s first decade, while Lewis worked on the Lake McDonald Road on the West Side of the park, the Great Northern Railway, under Louis Hill, the son of the founder, undertook an extensive building program of their own on the East Side. The Great Northern built a grand Glacier Park Lodge across from their station at Midvale (now East Glacier), and more than 50 miles of road (now part of US 89) paralleling the park’s eastern boundary from Midvale northward. From this, they built a series of spur roads extending a few miles into the park, and at the end of each, they built a rustic accommodations. These included the chalets at Two Medicine Lake, Cut Bank Creek, and St. Mary Lake. At the end of the northernmost spur road, they constructed the Many Glacier Hotel. Still is use today, it was for many years the largest hotel in Montana.
Meanwhile, the National Park Service began considering a variety of ideas for a Transmountain Road
to connect the East and West Sides of Glacier National Park, providing automobile access to the spectacular scenery of the park interior. As National Park Service landscape engineer Thomas Vint noted in a 1925 memo, the route should lie lightly on the landscape,
allowing motorists to experience the magnificence of the natural beauty of the