Strategic Deception: OPERATION FORTITUDE
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Lt.-Col Michael J. Donovan
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Strategic Deception - Lt.-Col Michael J. Donovan
This edition is published by PICKLE PARTNERS PUBLISHING—www.picklepartnerspublishing.com
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Text originally published in 2002 under the same title.
© Pickle Partners Publishing 2014, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.
Publisher’s Note
Although in most cases we have retained the Author’s original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern reader’s benefit.
We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.
Strategic Deception: OPERATION FORTITUDE
by
Lt.-Col Michael J. Donovan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4
ABSTRACT 5
STRATEGIC DECEPTION: OPERATION FORTITUDE 6
STRATEGIC SITUATION 6
OPERATION BODYGUARD 7
OPERATION FORTITUDE 9
FORTITUDE-NORTH 10
FORTITUDE-SOUTH 13
SUCCESS 18
CONCLUSION 20
REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY 23
ABSTRACT
The Allied leaders decided to conduct the cross-channel invasion of Hitler’s Fortress Europe in the first half of 1944 during the Tehran Conference held in November 1943. To support this invasion they also decided to implement a comprehensive deception campaign given the cover name BODYGUARD. The goal of BODYGUARD was to deceive Hitler and his senior military commanders about the location and timing of Allied offensive actions. Under the BODYGUARD umbrella, operation FORTITUDE was specifically designed to support the invasion of Normandy.
FORTITUDE consisted of two primary operations. FORTITUDE-NORTH was designed to convince the Germans that the Allied invasion in 1944 would come through Norway and Sweden vice France. FORTITUDE-SOUTH was developed to convince Hitler and his staff that the primary invasion site in France would be Pas de Calais and other potential invasion sites, such as Normandy, were only diversions.
The BODYGUARD and associated FORTITUDE operations were quite successful in fixing German forces, causing reserves to be committed piecemeal and basically paralyzing Hitler’s decision making ability during the time of the Normandy