Cincinnati Cemeteries: The Queen City Underground
By Kevin Grace and Tom White
()
About this ebook
For some who were buried in Cincinnati's cemeteries, the graveyard is not the last stop on life's train.
While today Cincinnati is one of the most populous and prosperous cities in the country, its past was not always as bright as its present--from the infamous murder of Pearl Bryan and the 19th century cholera epidemics, to the body snatchers and notorious "resurrection men" who would steal freshly-interred bodies to sell to medical colleges, even going as far to steal the corpse of Pres. Benjamin Harrison's father. In a city teeming with immigrants and transients, these "sack 'em up" grave robbers had ample opportunities to supply cadavers to Cincinnati's medical schools for a hefty profit, and if fresh graves weren't available, they simply lurked for victims in the saloons and dark alleys of Vine Street and the West End. Cincinnati Cemeteries is not only a history of graveyards and their occupants, but also investigates the culture of death and dying in Cincinnati.
Kevin Grace
Author Kevin Grace is archivist adjunct assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches courses on sports and society. He is a member of the North American Society for Sport History, the Society for American Baseball Research, and other professional organizations. He has also been a consultant to both ESPN and the History Channel.
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Cincinnati Cemeteries - Kevin Grace
K.G.
INTRODUCTION
No aspect of our culture gives rise to more tales, anecdotes, scandals, and memories than the subject of death. Eventually it is the topic we all have in common. What happens immediately before and forever after defines how we regard our history and our fellow man. And, what we end up thinking of the dead isn’t always objective. The pious and overwrought epitaphs found in graveyards once moved writer Olin Miller to remark, Reading tombstones always makes me wonder where they bury folks that ain’t going to heaven.
However we view death, either our own or that of our neighbors and loved ones, is determined by every aspect of our society—faith, occupation, family, and community. These are the elements of human interaction that determine how we approach sickness and health. And if health is merely the slowest rate at which one can die, then everything will finally come to bear on those moments when we breathe our last.
The heritage of death and dying in Cincinnati has encompassed everything from the Victorian fascination with Egyptian art and sculpture to the issues of race and ethnicity requiring separate graveyards for separate groups of people. We hear stories, like the tale of a church in an old city neighborhood where the sub-basement is paved with the gravestone slabs of the abandoned cemetery on which it stands or Music Hall, standing in part on a longgone potter’s field whose ghosts rise to harass concert-goers and performers. And, this local history contains elements that reflect the growth of the city and an unusual combination of crime and education. In the 19th century, for example, Cincinnati was home to nearly a score of medical schools, most of which had some need for anatomy instruction. In a city teeming with the arrivals of immigrants and transients, a city also filled with blocks of saloons and its share of intoxicated patrons, the curious industry of body snatching took advantage of these opportunities and made Cincinnati famous. The resurrection men
would sometimes waylay a stranger in an alley or follow a weaving drunk down a dark street. Once these unlucky victims were dispatched, the corpses were sold to a number of clients in the city’s medical schools. If a fresh body was not immediately at hand (or murder was a reluctant enterprise), the body-snatchers could get one that was still reasonably so by waiting for nightfall after a funeral service. Then they would creep into a cemetery, dig up the grave, and retrieve their booty.
The sub-title of this book, The Queen City Underground,
certainly refers to such nefarious activities as grave robbing. But in the main, it points to not only the aspect of the expired life, but to our approach to mourning and the caring treatment of the deceased.
Other than the few pioneer cemeteries that began when Cincinnati was settled in 1788, most of the city’s burying grounds had their origins in the mid-1800s. With a population that spread beyond the city’s basin by the Ohio River to the hilltop suburbs and the industrialized valleys, Cincinnati’s citizens looked for an appropriate locale for their final goodbyes. Spring Grove Cemetery, for instance, was one of the earliest garden cemeteries in the United States. It featured elaborate Victorian monuments that gave symbolic recognition to the needs
of the dead. Elaborate ponds and gardens define the cemetery grounds, and there are a multitude of human stories that go with the dead found there. An unexpected one, perhaps, is the annual Memorial Day visit by gypsies, who make a pilgrimage to celebrate their ancestors buried there. The gypsies’ visit has become a part of Cincinnati legend and is usually accompanied by media warnings about transient flim-flam men.
Other area cemeteries may be less ornate than Spring Grove in their entirety, but there are beautiful monuments nevertheless, and these tombstones have the same architectural function of marking the final journey from the corporeal existence to the spiritual realm.
Chapter one is a look at the culture of death and dying in the city, the disease, health advances, and funeral customs that have grown in Cincinnati, from sickness and health to murders and embalming.
Chapter two is about Spring Grove, one of the loveliest cemeteries in the world. In its accommodation of the dead, it is a vital part of our history, and as an arboretum, as well as a burying ground, Spring Grove is a pastoral treasure.
The third chapter illustrates numerous other cemeteries in the Cincinnati area with their extraordinary monuments and fascinating tales.
And finally, the last chapter, Our Dearly Departed: Cincinnatians Worth Knowing,
puts faces and stories to monuments throughout the city. The individuals included in this chapter are not necessarily the most famous, the most accomplished, the richest, or the most important, but in some way they have had an effect on Cincinnati culture in the broad sense. They are brewers, teachers, musicians, politicians, philanthropists, saints, and sinners. In their times, they were serious, sober, fun, and scandalous—and everything in between. They are part of a heritage that is reflected in everyday life.
In visually telling the tales of Cincinnati cemeteries, our guide is the sentiment expressed by William Makepeace Thackeray in his 1844 novel, Barry Lyndon: . . . good or bad, handsome or ugly, rich or poor, they are all equal now.
Memento Mori.
One
REACHING THE END OF THE LINE
DEATH AND DYING IN CINCINNATI
The tomb of William Stanley in Spring Grove Cemetery marks one of the earliest styles of stone markers in Cincinnati graveyards. The slab atop the six pedestals is carved with the memorial of Stanley, who was born in Connecticut in 1766, came to Cincinnati in 1790 just two years after the city’s founding, fought in the War of 1812 as a major, and died in 1814.
Ever concerned for public health, Daniel Drake had a public notice issued during the 1832 cholera epidemic that raged in the city. The notice tells of the symptoms and treatment. That year, Drake also published his study on the disease, detailing its history, prevention, and treatment, for both physicians and the general public. Cholera often took its toll in 19th-century Cincinnati, with serious outbreaks in 1849, 1850, 1866, and 1873. The ’49 epidemic was