Tardive Dystonia, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Tardive Dystonia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Tardive dystonias are neurological syndromes that resulted from exposure to certain medicines, mainly a class of medicines called neuroleptics which are given to treat psychiatric disorders, some gastric disorders, and certain movement disorders
It is a movement disorder featured by involuntary muscle contractions caused primarily by taking dopamine receptor blockers like antipsychotic medications.
Tardive dystonia is a form of tardive dyskinesia that involves abnormal movements.
The movements most often involve the lower face.
TD causes stiff, jerky movements of the face and body that the patient cannot control.
The patient may stick out the tongue, blink the eyes or wave the arms without intending to do so.
Causes
TD is a serious side effect that happens when the patient take medicines called neuroleptics.
These drugs are also called antipsychotics or major tranquilizers used to treat mental disorders.
TD often happens when the patient take the drug for many months or years
Drugs that most often cause this disorder are older anti-psychotics such as:
1. Chlorpromazine
2. Fluphenazine
3. Haloperidol
4. Perphenazine
5. Prochlorperazine
6. Thioridazine
7. Trifluoperazine

Other drugs that can cause TD are:
1. Metoclopramide (treats stomach problem called gastroparesis)
2. Antidepressant drugs such as amitriptyline, fluoxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, trazodone
3. Anti-parkinson drugs such as levodopa
4. Anti-seizure drugs such as phenobarbital and phenytoin
Newer anti-psychotics appear less likely to cause TD, but they are not entirely without risk.
Drugs belonging to this class of neuroleptics are:
1. Acetohenazine (Tindal),
2. Amoxapine (Asendin),
Tardive dystonia and tardive dyskinesia are not the same.
Generally, people with tardive dyskinesia have abnormal movements that are rapid, brief, jerky, discrete, and stereotyped.
People with tardive dystonia have abnormal movements that are slower, painful, and twisting, and force parts of the body into abnormal postures.
Tardive dystonia can take many forms:
blepharospasm of eyelid
spasmodic torticollis of neck
bruxism of teeth
dysphonia of speech
ballismus of limb
Symptoms
Tardive dystonia produces stiff, involuntary muscle movements that the patient cannot control.
Often, these are in the face mainly the lips, jaw, or tongue.
If the patients have it, the patient might:
1. Stick out the tongue without trying
2. Blink the eyes fast
3. Chew
4. Smack or pucker the lips
5. Puff out the cheeks
Diagnosis:
The doctor can give the patient a physical exam test called the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
To exclude other disorders, the patient may get:
1. Blood tests
2. CT or MRI scan of brain
Treatment
When TD is diagnosed, the doctor will either have the patient stop the medicine or change to another one.
The treatment of tardive dystonias will normally require a slow withdrawal from the causative medicine.
If neuroleptics are an essential treatment of a patient's health, a class of newer, "atypical" neuroleptics (such as clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine) may be an alternative.
Anticholinergics (such as trihexyphenidyl and benztropine) and muscle relaxants that are prescribed to treat other forms of dystonia may also be helpful.
Baclofen and clonazepam are also given to treat tardive dystonia.
Botulinum toxin injections to a particular muscle group are an extra choice of treatment.
2 FDA-approved medicines are used to treat tardive dystonia:
1. Valbenazine (Ingrezza)
2. Deutetrabenazine (Austedo)
DBS Stimulation
If TD is very severe, an intervention called deep brain stimulation DBS may be used

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Tar

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Sep 6, 2018
• ISBN: 9780463285558

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972. Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009. Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993. Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 70. However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon. He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com. His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com This autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com. From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks. He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books. He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures. Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple. For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients. The later books go into more details of medical disorders. He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter. The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks. He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke. His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre. The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall. He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) starting with the Apple computer and going to PC. The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core. The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive. He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance. His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner. The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned. This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale. Dr Kee is the author of: "A Family Doctor's Tale" "Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine" "Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Tardive Dystonia,

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2018 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Tardive Dystonia, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Tardive Dystonia)

This eBook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiolographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiolographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Tardive Dystonia

What is Tardive Dystonia?

Tardive dystonia (TD) is a form of tardive dyskinesia, which includes involuntary movements that are similar to multiple movement disorders.

It is a movement disorder featured by involuntary muscle contractions caused primarily by taking dopamine receptor blockers like antipsychotic medications.

Tardive dyskinesia is a disorder that involves abnormal movements.

The movements most often involve the lower face.

Tardive means delayed to indicate that the disorder happens some time after drug exposure, and dystonia means involuntary muscle contractions.

The term dyskinesia indicates the presence of abnormal movements.

Tardive dyskinesias are neurological syndromes that resulted from exposure to certain medicines, mainly a class of medicines called neuroleptics which are given to treat psychiatric disorders, some gastric disorders, and certain movement disorders.

The quantity of exposure to such drugs differs greatly among patients.

Tardive dystonia and dyskinesias may also occur as a result of prolonged treatment with levodopa in some Parkinson's disease patients.

Tardive dystonia is also a side effect of antipsychotic medicines.

These medicines are prescribed to treat schizophrenia and other mental health disorders.

TD causes stiff, jerky movements of the face and body that the patient cannot control.

The patient may stick out the tongue, blink the eyes or wave the arms without intending to do so.

Not everyone who takes an antipsychotic drug will get it.

But if it happens, it is occasionally permanent.

The patient should let the doctor know right away if the patient has movements that cannot be controlled.

The doctor may be able to lower the dose or switch the patient to a different drug to ease the symptoms.

What are the causes of Tardive Dystonia?

Causes

TD is a serious side effect that happens when the patient take medicines called neuroleptics.

These drugs are also called anti-psychotics or major tranquilizers used to treat mental disorders.

TD often happens when the patient take the drug for many months