The Selma Marches for Civil Rights: We Shall Overcome

By Steven Otfinoski

Vivid storytelling brings American history to life and place readers in the shoes of ten people who experienced one of the most pivotal moments of the Civil Rights Movement - the marches from Selma to Montgomery. In March 1965 nonviolent activists, led by Martin Luther King Jr., began a series of marches in Alabama. They faced brutal resistance as they struggled for voting rights for African-Americans in the South and across the nation. Suspenseful, dramatic events unfold in chronological, interwoven stories from the different perspectives of people who experienced the event while it was happening. Narratives intertwine to create a breathless, "What's Next?" kind of read. Students gain a new perspective on historical figures as they learn about real people struggling to decide how best to act in a given moment.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Capstone Young Readers
• Release date: Jun 4, 2020
• ISBN: 9781977143525

Steven Otfinoski

Steven Otfinoski has written more than two hundred books for young readers. He is also a playwright and has his own theater company that brings one-person plays about American history to schools. He lives in Connecticut with his family.

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Tangled History: The Selma Marches for Civil Rights by Steven Otfinoski

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover

Title Page

Foreword

1: God, We’re Being Killed!

2: Ain’t Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me Around

3: And We Shall Overcome!

4: Marching Up to Freedom Land

5: There Never Was a Moment … More Honorable

6: The Vote Is the Most Powerful Instrument Ever Devised by Man

Epilogue

Timeline

Glossary

Critical Thinking Questions

Further Reading

Selected Bibliography

Index

About the Author

Copyright

Back Cover

FOREWORD

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Civil rights activists around the United States began sitting in protest at whites-only lunch counters in 1960.

By 1965 the modern-day fight for the civil rights of African Americans was entering its 10th year. During that time, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), led by Martin Luther King Jr., had fought Southern institutional racism and discrimination. It had done so using nonviolent demonstrations, sit-ins, and marches. King found an unlikely but powerful ally in the new president, Lyndon Baines Johnson. Through their combined efforts, King and Johnson had gotten Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made racial discrimination in employment and public facilities illegal.

But African Americans were still denied the right to vote in many parts of the South. Local and state governments made it extremely difficult for black citizens to register to vote. They gave unfair literacy tests that no one—black or white—could be expected to pass. They stopped black people from registering by threatening to tell prospective voters’ employers that they had registered. This threat told black people that they would lose their jobs for registering to vote. Without the vote, black citizens had no voice in who would represent them in local, state, and national government.

Selma, in Dallas County, Alabama, had a large black population, but only 156 of the 15,000 black adults who lived there were registered to vote. For this reason, in 1964, King chose Selma as a testing ground for voter registration demonstrations and protests. Over the next several months, both outside activists and local residents protested at the county courthouse on the issue of voter registration. Among the hundreds of demonstrators arrested on February 1 was King himself. While in jail, King wrote his stirring A Letter from a Selma, Alabama, Jail. The letter appeared in The New York Times on February 5, 1965, the day he was released on bail.

On February 28 a public meeting was held following the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson. Jackson, a black man, had marched in a peaceful protest in Marion, Alabama, on February 18. Alabama state troopers attacked the marchers and shot Jackson. He died eight days later. At the February 28 meeting, SCLC leader James Bevel suggested that King lead a march from Selma to Montgomery. Once in Montgomery, the capital of Alabama, King would directly confront Governor George Wallace about Jackson’s death. King approved of the march, but he was worried about attacks on marchers by Alabama state troopers and white racists.

King left Selma on Friday, March 5, with his second-in-command, Ralph Abernathy. He planned to lead Sunday services in his home church in Atlanta, Georgia. Then he would return to Selma later on Sunday and lead the march.

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Martin Luther King Jr. (left) along with fellow SCLC leaders Ralph Abernathy (center) and Andrew Young (right) led a voter registration effort for black citizens in Selma, Alabama, on March 1, 1965.

1

GOD, WE’RE BEING KILLED!

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George Wallace

George Wallace

State Capitol, Montgomery, Alabama, March 6, 1965, 9:00 a.m.

Alabama Governor George Wallace was beginning to lose the self-confidence that had made him a national political figure. In 1963 he had vowed, "Segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." His strict stand on racial segregation had made him a popular leader with many white people in the South. But Wallace had been unable to stop