Leon Trotsky

By Dhirubhai Patel

Leon Trotsky was a Soviet revolutionary, Marxist theorist and politician whose particular strain of Marxist thought is known as Trotskyism.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Lulu.com
• Release date: Jun 3, 2020
• ISBN: 9781716870200

Book preview

Leon Trotsky

Chapter 1: Intro of Leon Trotsky

Chapter 2: Early political activities and life (1896–1917)

2.1 First marriage and Siberian exile (1899–1902)

2.2 First emigration and second marriage (1902–1903)

2.3 Split with Lenin (1903–1904)

2.4 1905 revolution and trial (1905–1906)

2.5 Travels in the Vilayet of Kosovo (1912-1913)

2.6 Second emigration (1907–1914)

2.7 World War I (1914–1917)

Chapter 3: Russian Revolution and aftermath

3.1 Head of the Red Army (spring 1918)

3.2 Civil War (1918–1920)

3.3 1919

3.4 1920

3.5 Trade union debate (1920–1921)

3.6 Trotsky's contribution to the Russian Revolution

3.7 Lenin's illness (1922–1923)

3.8 Left opposition (1923–1924)

3.9 After Lenin's death (1924)

3.10 A year in the wilderness (1925)

3.11 United Opposition (1926–1927)

3.12 Defeat and exile (1927–1928)

3.13 Fate of Left Oppositionists after Trotsky's exile (1929–1941)

Chapter 4: Exile (1929–1940)

4.1 Moscow show trials

4.2 Fourth International

4.3 Dies Committee

4.4 Final months

Chapter 5: Assassination

Chapter 6: Legacy

6.1 Contributions to theory

Chapter 7: Permanent revolution

7.1 March 1850 Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League

7.2 Proletariat should organise autonomously

7.3 Political programme of demands which threaten the bourgeois consensus

7.4 Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League in context

7.5 Relation to Trotskyst theory

Chapter 8: Leon Trotsky

Chapter 9: Theory since Trotsky

9.1 Tony Cliff's deflected permanent revolution

9.2 Mahir Çayan's critique of Trotskyist theory

9.3 Saumyendranath Tagore

Chapter 10: United front

Leon Trotsky

Chapter 1: Intro of Leon Trotsky

Leon Trotsky was a Soviet revolutionary, Marxist theorist and legislator whose specific strain of Marxist idea is known as Trotskyism.

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At first supporting the Menshevik-Internationalists group inside the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, he joined the Bolsheviks greater part not long before the 1917 October Revolution, quickly turning into a pioneer inside the Communist Party. He would proceed to get one of the seven individuals from the principal Politburo, established in 1917 to deal with the Bolshevik Revolution.

During the beginning of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) and the Soviet Union, he served first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the originator and authority of the Red Army, with the title of People's Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs. He turned into a significant figure in the Bolshevik triumph in the Russian Civil War (1918–1922).

Subsequent to driving a bombed battle of the Left Opposition against the strategies and ascent of Joseph Stalin during the 1920s and against the expanding job of administration in the Soviet Union, Trotsky was evacuated as Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs (January 1925), expelled from the Politburo (October 1926) and the Central Committee (October 1927), ousted from the Communist Party (November 1927), at that point banished to Alma–Ata (January 1928) and in the end from the Soviet Union (February 1929). As the leader of the Fourth International, Trotsky kept on contradicting the Stalinist administration in the Soviet Union while in a state of banishment.

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Trotsky was killed in Mexico City by Ramón Mercader, a Spanish-conceived NKVD specialist. On 20 August 1940, Mercader assaulted Trotsky with an ice hatchet and Trotsky kicked the bucket the following day in a clinic. Mercader, who followed up on guidance from Stalin, was almost pounded the life out of by Trotsky's protectors, and went through the following 20 years in a Mexican jail for the homicide. Stalin gave Mercader an Order of Lenin in absentia.

Trotsky's thoughts framed the premise of Trotskyism, a significant school of Marxist idea that contradicts the hypotheses of Stalinism. He was worked out of the history books under Stalin, and was one of only a handful barely any Soviet political figures who was not restored by the administration under Nikita Khrushchev during the 1950s.

Leon Trotsky was conceived Lev Davidovich Bronstein on 7 November 1879, the fifth offspring of a Ukrainian-Jewish group of well off ranchers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (presently Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a little town 24 kilometers (15 mi) from the closest mail station. His folks were David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847–1922) and his significant other Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya) (1850–1910). Trotsky's dad lived in Poltava, and later moved to Bereslavka, as it had a huge Jewish community. The language verbally expressed at home was a blend of Russian and Ukrainian (known as Surzhyk). Trotsky's more youthful sister, Olga, who additionally grew up to be a Bolshevik and a Soviet legislator, wedded the noticeable Bolshevik Lev Kamenev.

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A few creators, remarkably Robert Service, have asserted that Trotsky's youth first name was the Yiddish Leiba. The American Trotskyist David North said this was a suspicion dependent on Trotsky's Jewish birth, at the same time, in opposition to Service's cases, there is no narrative proof to help his utilizing a Yiddish name, when that language was not spoken by his family. Both North and Walter Laqueur in their books state that Trotsky's youth name was Lyova, a standard Russian little of the name Lev. North has analyzed the hypothesis on Trotsky's offered name to the undue accentuation given to his having a Jewish surname.

At the point when Trotsky was eight, his dad sent him to Odessa to be taught. He was tried out a German-language school, which became Russified during his years in Odessa because of the Imperial government's approach of Russification. As Isaac Deutscher notes in his life story of Trotsky, Odessa was then a clamoring cosmopolitan port city, exceptionally not at all like the run of the mill Russian city of the time. This condition added to the improvement of the youngster's global outlook.

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In spite of the fact that Trotsky communicated in French, English, and German to a decent standard, he said in his collection of memoirs My Life that he was never consummately conversant in any language however Russian and Ukrainian. Raymond Molinier composed that Trotsky communicated in French fluently.

Chapter 2 : Early political exercises and life (1896–1917)

Trotsky got associated with revolutionary exercises in 1896 subsequent to moving to the harbor town of Nikolayev (presently Mykolaiv) on the Ukrainian bank of the Black Sea. At first a narodnik (revolutionary agrarian communist populist), he at first contradicted Marxism yet was prevailed upon to Marxism soon thereafter by his future first spouse, Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (cleansed 1938).