A Simple Guide to Small Intestines Disorders, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
This book describes Small Intestines Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
The small intestine is an essential organ of digestion located between the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) and cecum (the first part of the colon.
It is an important organ because it is necessary for helping to digest the food consumed in the body.
The small intestine breaks down the food and absorbs from it the necessary vitamins and fats.
The small intestine is a long, coiled tube about 20 feet (6 meters) long that can be divided into three sections:
1. Duodenum, the first part of the small intestine that connects to the stomach
2. Jejunum, the middle portion of the small intestine
3. Ileum, the last portion of the small intestine that attaches to the colon
The main function of the small intestine is the absorption of the food eaten.
During and after a meal, the small intestine normally demonstrates very irregular or unsynchronized contractions.
The contractions shift the food content back and forth and combine it with the digestive enzymes that are secreted into the intestine.
These contractions are not totally unsynchronized.
They shift the contents of the small intestine gradually towards the large intestine.
It normally takes about 90-120 minutes for the first part of a meal eaten to reach the large intestine, and the last portion of the meal may not reach the large intestine for five hours.
This pattern of intestinal motility is called the "fed (or eating) pattern."
Between meals, the small intestine shows cycles of activity that repeat about every 90-120 minutes.
The cycle comprises:
1. A short period of no contractions (Phase I)
2. A long period of unsynchronized contractions that appears similar to the fed pattern (Phase II)
3. A burst of strong, regular contractions that move down the intestine in a peristaltic fashion (Phase III).
Phase III represents a continuation of the "housekeeper waves" that start in the stomach.
Its function is to force the undigested food material and bacteria out of the small intestine and into the large intestine.
There are 2 other types of motility seen in the small intestine but their function is not well known.
1. Discrete clustered contractions are brief bursts of contractions (each burst lasts only a few seconds) which are synchronized (peristaltic).
They happen mainly in the upper small intestine and disappear before moving too far down-stream.
They happen in most people at infrequent periods but in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) they can be linked with abdominal pain.
2. The second type of contraction is the giant migrating contraction.
This happens primarily in the lower small intestine (ileum), and it is peristaltic over long distances.
It may be part of a defensive reflex that forces bacteria and food debris out of the intestine.
These giant migrating contractions happen in healthy people and normally cause no sensation, but in some patients, such as those with IBS, they are linked with reports of abdominal pain.
Like any other organ of the body, different diseases can involve the small intestine.
This may cause disturbances in its action and symptoms such as:
1. Pain,
2. Bloating,
3. Indigestion,
4. Excessive belching and
5. Changes in appetite.
Small intestine disorders are disorders that involve the small intestine, either on its own or together with other parts of the digestive tract and organs.
To diagnose a small intestine disorder, the doctor may have to do certain tests, scans or endoscopes.
The treatment differs depending on the underlying cause
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Small Intestines Disorders
Chapter 2 Duodenitis
Chapter 3 Peptic Ulcer (Duodenal)
Chapter 4 Intestinal Motility Disorder
Chap
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972. Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009. Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993. Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 70. However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon. He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com. His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com This autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com. From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks. He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books. He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures. Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple. For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients. The later books go into more details of medical disorders. He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter. The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks. He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke. His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre. The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall. He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) starting with the Apple computer and going to PC. The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core. The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive. He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance. His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner. The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned. This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale. Dr Kee is the author of: "A Family Doctor's Tale" "Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine" "Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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A Simple Guide to Small Intestines Disorders, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
A
Simple
Guide
To
Small Intestines Disorders,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2021 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Small Intestines Disorders, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Small Intestines Disorders)
This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Small Intestines Disorders
What are Small intestines Disorders?
The small intestine is an essential organ of digestion located between the duodenum (first part of the small intestine) and cecum (the first part of the colon.
It is an important organ because it is necessary for helping to digest the food consumed in the body.
The small intestine breaks down the food and absorbs from it the necessary vitamins and fats.
The small intestine is a long, coiled tube about 20 feet (6 meters) long that can be divided into three sections:
1. Duodenum, the first part of the small intestine that connects to the stomach
2. Jejunum, the middle portion of the small intestine
3. Ileum, the last portion of the small intestine that attaches to the colon
The main function of the small intestine is the absorption of the food eaten.
During and after a meal, the small intestine normally demonstrates very irregular or unsynchronized contractions.
The contractions shift the food content back and forth and combine it with the digestive enzymes that are secreted into the intestine.
These contractions are not totally unsynchronized.
They shift the contents of the small intestine gradually towards the large intestine.
It normally takes about 90-120 minutes for the first part of a meal eaten to reach the large intestine, and the last portion of the meal may not reach the large intestine for five hours.
This pattern of intestinal motility is called the fed (or eating) pattern.
Between meals, the small intestine shows cycles of activity that repeat about every 90-120 minutes.
The cycle comprises:
1. A short period of no contractions (Phase I)
2. A long period of unsynchronized contractions that appears similar to the fed pattern (Phase II)
3. A burst of strong, regular contractions that move down the intestine in a peristaltic fashion (Phase III).
Phase III represents a continuation of the housekeeper waves
that start in the stomach.
Its function is to force the undigested food material and bacteria out of the small intestine and into the large intestine.
There are 2 other types of motility seen in the small intestine but their function is not well known.
1. Discrete clustered contractions are brief bursts of contractions (each burst lasts only a few seconds) which are synchronized (peristaltic).
They happen mainly in the upper small intestine and disappear before moving too far down-stream.
They happen in most people at infrequent periods but in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) they can be linked with abdominal pain.
2. The second type of contraction is the giant migrating contraction.
This happens primarily in the lower small intestine (ileum), and it is peristaltic over long distances.
It may be part of a defensive reflex that forces bacteria and food debris out of the intestine.
These giant migrating contractions happen in healthy people and normally cause no sensation, but in some patients, such as those with IBS, they are linked with reports of abdominal pain.
Like any other organ of the body, different diseases can involve the small intestine.
This may cause disturbances in its action and symptoms such as:
1. Pain,
2. Bloating,
3. Indigestion,
4. Excessive belching and
5. Changes in appetite.
Small intestine disorders are disorders that involve the small intestine, either on its own or in conjunction with other parts of the digestive tract and organs.
Some small intestine disorders are frequent, affecting the majority of the population at some point in their life.
Other small intestine disorders are less frequent or rare.
Dependent on the form of small intestine disorder, it can even lead to death if not treated properly and quickly.
The signs and symptoms of the different forms of small intestine disorders are mostly similar since the same organ is affected.
Some of these disorders are inflammatory in nature or arise with damage to the small intestine wall while others are due to abnormal growths, narrowing of certain parts of the small intestine.
Because of the different mechanisms of the range of small intestine disorders, the selection of treatment may differ.
There is a wide variety of small intestine disorders that manifest with different signs and symptoms.
Some of these disorders may be exclusive to the small intestine or involve adjacent parts of the gut, like the stomach proximally (before the small intestine) and large intestine distally (after the small intestine).
Occasionally, the complete gastrointestinal tract may be involved producing different signs and symptoms and this is sometimes misdiagnosed as a disorder only within the small intestine.
The most frequent small intestine problems are inflammation of the small intestine (duodenitis) and ulcers (duodenal ulcer).
What are the Causes of Small intestine Disorders?
Causes
There is a wide variety of causes of the different small intestine disorders.
These causes