The Complete Guide of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

By Lucian Simon Ionesco

My name is Doctor Lucian Ionesco; I am from Brazil for a long time with various types of clients and took many physical and online courses; I have decided to create various guides to help people with my writing, mainly in the area of ​​comprehension.

 

If you ever have the opportunity to meet a person who has a Post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD, I imagine you have asked yourself the following questions:

 

• What should I do so that what is happening to him does not happen to him?
• At what point did it occur?
• Why do you keep doing this even though it has been a long time?

 

All these questions have an answer, I know how difficult it is for some to have enough tolerance to deal with these people, but you are not alone. If the person turns out to be a loved one, this book is the one to know what to do, when to do it and why and mainly to understand the person who has the detail.

 

In this book, you will learn the following:

 

• What is PTSD?
• Why and when does it happen?
• The difference between acute stress disorder
• At what age can it start?
• Frequency
• What are the associated problems?
• How is it caused, and how is it maintained?
• How is PTSD judged?
• Can PTSD be treated psychologically?
• Medical treatments
• Ways to improve yourself and help others

 

Additionally, I am adding a glossary with all the complicated clinical terms to help you in the best way to understand everything that PTSD entails; let us improve the planet together.

 

I am a freelance writer with little free time and a somewhat tight budget; your help is greatly expanded if you leave me a review on the book, you will support me in a great way with this, and you would improve my performance when publishing as well as the motivation to move forward.

 

When you are done reading this book, you will have gained a lifetime of experience in just a few short hours. The stories are interesting to follow, and the challenging concepts have been made easy to understand. So get ready to broaden your horizons and adjust your expectations because you are in for one hell of a ride!

Are you ready?

If you are,

Click Buy Now With 1-Click or Buy Now to get started!

 

• Language: English
• Publisher: Editorial Atelerix Creative Quill
• Release date: Jun 15, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201779078

Lucian Simon Ionesco

I'm 51-year-old; I have a degree in psychology, specializing in motivation and mental disorders.I'm a Brazilian Christian, and I define myself as straight, and I'm a vegetarian. I grew up in an upper-class neighborhood. I was raised by my father and my mother, having left when I was young. I'm currently single. My most recent romance was with an artist called Ophelia Dana Phillips, who was 12 years older than me. We broke up because Ophelia felt Lucian was too busy for the relationship. My best friend is a chorus actor called Keira Morales. We get on well most of the time. I also hang around with Glenn Rees and Arran Davis. We enjoy worship together. I have decided to start my work writing since currently, due to the pandemic, I require an additional income. With the support of the Atelerix publishing house, I want to start giving my general knowledge about everything I have studied in my city to swim all this time. I hope that you fully recognize my writing and support me, especially if you have a loved one you can support with my knowledge; I will be more than happy to support me with a review of my book.

Book preview

INTRODUCTION

IN OUR DAILY LIVES, any of us can have an overwhelming, terrifying, and out-of-control experience. We could find ourselves in a car accident, be victims of an assault or see an accident. Police officers, firefighters, and ambulance workers are more likely to have such experiences, as they are often faced with horrible scenes. Soldiers can be shot or exploded, as well as see friends killed or injured.

It can be tough to know how to support someone close to you who has been through a life-threatening situation, such as a combat situation or sexual assault. It is also important to remember that these situations also affect family and friends; it is normal for you to have difficulties. After these situations (sometimes called trauma), it is normal for people to act differently, particularly at first.

They may be less joyful and outgoing, have trouble sleeping, or have a nervous demeanor. They may be having a tough period at work or school. Moreover, they can get away from friends, family, and loved ones - even you. Most of the time, individuals start to feel well after a few weeks or months after the trauma. Nevertheless, if it has been longer than that and your loved one is still struggling, they may be experiencing PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder).

A person faces many harmful stimuli that can be experienced as catastrophic; these cause an excessive stress level and turn into traumatic events, which are not easy to overcome and have devastating effects on mental and physical well-being. In the literature, stress is defined as a process in which the demands of the environment exceed the individual's ability to adapt, causing psychological and biological changes that increase the risk of becoming ill.

The individual usually has stress that allows him to be functional; if it intensifies, it can have a positive or negative effect. This result will depend on individual factors, the situation, and previous experiences. When an event exceeds the individual capacity to cope with it, a crisis is generated. Acute stress disorder is presented by exposure to a threatening situation or event, causing symptoms and the consequent psychological and social deterioration. This disorder puts the patient at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was officially coined in 1980 in the third version of the Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and placed within anxiety disorders.

It is estimated that 50 to 90% of the general population has been exposed to traumatic events at some time in their life. However, many of the exposed subjects will not develop PTSD. In the USA, the prevalence of PTSD, according to the National Comorbidity Survey, is 7.8%, and worldwide it has been estimated to be 8%. This prevalence is higher in subjects exposed to sexual violence or events related to natural disasters. In addition, the frequency is greater in women than in men.

It is a disorder that arises as a delayed or delayed response to a stressful event or a situation (brief or long-lasting) of an exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature, which would cause widespread malaise in almost everyone (for example, natural or artificial disasters). Some examples of what can cause it are fighting, serious accidents, witnessing the violent death of someone, being a victim of torture, terrorism, rape, or other crimes. Certain personality traits or a history of the neurotic disease, if present, may be predisposing factors and lower the threshold for the onset of the syndrome or aggravate its course. However, these factors are neither essential nor sufficient to explain its onset. Onset follows trauma with a latency period ranging in length from a few weeks to months. The progression is fluctuating, but recovery can be expected in most cases. In a small proportion of patients, the disorder may have a chronic course and evolution towards a persistent personality transformation.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is characterized by being triggered by exposure to one or more traumatic experiences, and the patient presents a significant deterioration of social, school, or work and personal functioning. The concept of PTSD has evolved from the idea of ​​a reaction that happens universally to the vision of the disorder as a specific type of response to an event that occurs in certain circumstances.

PTSD develops after contact with a threatening stressor; it is an intense physical and emotional response. The event is remembered; it can last many weeks or months after the trauma.

WHAT IS PTSD?

ACCORDING TO THE DSMIV, PTSD is characterized by a series of characteristic symptoms that follow direct experience, observation, or knowledge of an extremely traumatic event or events (occurrence or threat of death or life-threatening injury or threat to the physical integrity of oneself or of other people; criterion A1) to which the person responded with intense fear, helplessness or horror (therefore, not only certain types of events are required, but also certain types of responses; criterion A2). Symptoms include continual re-experiencing of the traumatic event (e.g., through dreams, intrusive memories; criterion B), reiterated avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and decreased general ability to react (e.g., reduced interest in significant activities,

The diagnosis of PTSD according to the DSM-IV-TR requires, in addition to criteria A, B, C, and D, that the symptoms last more than one month and that the disturbance produces clinically significant uneasiness or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. A distinction is made between acute and chronic PTSD depending on whether the symptoms last fewer than three months or three or additional months. Delayed onset is also used when symptoms appear at least six months after the traumatic event.

The DSM-IV-TR criteria have been challenged. For example, the duration of 1 month has been criticized because it does not distinguish between PTSD and natural recovery after trauma. However, the most important criticism has been directed at criteria A1 and A2. Events that do not meet criterion A1 (e.g., divorce, abortion, prolonged work stress) can produce the other symptoms of PTSD. Regarding criterion A2, the person can respond with other different emotions (e.g., anger, guilt, shame) and present the other symptoms of PTSD. That is why it has been proposed to eliminate criterion A in future editions of the DSMIVTR. What is more,

The DSM5 has collected part of the criticism and has proposed criteria that differ significantly from those of the DSMIV. Criterion A (old A1) has been made more explicit and restrictive regarding the experience of traumatic events. Criterion A2 (subjective reaction) has been removed. The three major DSMIV symptoms (criteria B, C, and D) have become four. The old criterion B has been divided into two groups: avoidance and persistent negative alterations in cognitions and mood. The latter category retains most of the DSMIV desensitization symptoms. Also, it includes new or reconceptualized symptoms, such as persistent negative emotional states. The last criterion (increased activation) retains most of the related symptoms of DSMIV. Also, it includes irritable or aggressive behavior and reckless or self-destructive behavior.

On the other hand, the diagnostic thresholds have been lowered for children and adolescents. Different criteria have been added for children six years and younger. Finally, PTSD is no longer included among anxiety disorders but in a new category called Disorders related to trauma and stressful events. Within this category are acute stress disorder, adjustment disorders, affective attachment disorder, and disinhibited social relationship disorder.

HOW AND WHY DOES PTSD OCCUR?

SYMPTOMS OF PTSD CAN begin immediately or after a few weeks or months. They usually appear within the first six months after the traumatic event.

What does it feel like to have PTSD?

MANY PEOPLE FEEL HEARTBROKEN, depressed, anxious, guilty, and angry after a traumatic experience.