The Long Journey of My Little Y Chromosomes: The Origins of One Viking Family

By Richard Donovan Glover

From a young age, I wanted to trace my familys history, hoping to get back to the very beginning of modern mankind seemingly a ridiculous and impossible task! However, inspiration came to me in the 1950s whilst serving in the Royal Air Force. I was stationed for two years at Castel Benito in Libya, which was situated on a sandy, unmetalled road leading from Tripoli into the Sahara. Many times, it intrigued me to see people passing our camp on foot some with shoes, some without, all with differing skin colours and facial features. I realised many of them must have walked hundreds or even thousands of miles across the desert towards Tripoli, hoping for a better life. A few of them obviously came from tropical Africa, with their ebony skin; some were the Tuaregs and other tribes of the desert, with their much-weathered dark-brown skin; and others were the Arabs of North Africa, with their lighter olive-brown skin, all in comparison to the former colonial Italians, with their tanned white skin. I was determined then to learn all about human migrations and the evolution that went along with them.

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse UK
• Release date: Dec 21, 2017
• ISBN: 9781546286226

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© 2018 Richard Donovan Glover. All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse 12/20/2017

ISBN: 978-1-5462-8623-3 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-5462-8622-6 (e)

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Thinkstock are models,

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CONTENTS

Preface

Chapter 1   Map Of The Long Journey Of My Little Y Chromosomes

Chapter 2   Introduction

Chapter 3   DNA And Its Workings

Chapter 4   Climate Change And Adam And Eve

Chapter 5   The Start Of The Long Journey

Chapter 6   The Sahara And The Neanderthals

Chapter 7   The Deep-Ancestry Haplogroups: A-00, A-L1085, A-P305, And M42

Chapter 8   Mount Toba And Its Effects On Climate Change

Chapter 9   Mutations M168 And M143

Chapter 10 Maternal Haplogroup L3(N): The Nile Route

Chapter 11 The Middle East Routes: Mutations M143, M89, M578, And P-M128 (K-M9)

Chapter 12 South-West Asian Route: Mutation P-M45; Eurasian Routes: Mutations R-M207 (R), R-M173 (R1), R-M420 (R1a), R-M198 (R1a1), And R-M17/M512 (R1a1a)

Chapter 13 Maternal Haplogroup T (T1, T2, And T2b): The First Farmers And The Linear Pottery Culture

Chapter 14 The Eurasian Steppe, The Kurgans, And The Proto-Indo-European Language

Chapter 15 Westward Expansions And Norway: R-L664 (R 1a1a1a) And The Early Bronze Age

Chapter 16 The Viking Propensity: The British Isles And The Vikings

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Notes

Haplogroups

PREFACE

From a young age, I wanted to trace my family’s history, hoping to get back to the very beginning of modern mankind – seemingly a ridiculous and impossible task! However, inspiration came to me in the 1950s whilst serving in the Royal Air Force. I was stationed for two years at Castel Benito in Libya, which was situated on a sandy, unmetalled road leading from Tripoli into the Sahara. Many times, it intrigued me to see people passing our camp on foot – some with shoes, some without, all with differing skin colours and facial features. I realised many of them must have walked hundreds or even thousands of miles across the desert towards Tripoli, hoping for a better life. A few of them obviously came from tropical Africa, with their ebony skin; some were the Tuaregs and other tribes of the desert, with their much-weathered dark-brown skin; and others were the Arabs of North Africa, with their lighter olive-brown skin, all in comparison to the former colonial Italians, with their tanned white skin. I was determined then to learn all about human migrations and the evolution that went along with them.

In the following pages, I’ve tried to explain these and other bodily differences and why they came about. These travellers along this sandy road descended from the people who had had various mutations many thousands of years earlier.

I’ve tried to bring this fascinating story to you in an easily readable form. The male Y chromosomes and the female