Angola: The Battle of Kifangondo, 1975
()
About this ebook
Besides these and other battles framed in the context of great armed conflicts, the world has long recorded the occurrence of small-scale fighting associated with a number of armed conflicts. One must stress low-intensity armed conflicts. Beyond this fact, however, certain successive military fights in the context of such armed conflicts are called battles.
This is the case of fights in the armed conflict of Angola, which took place in the period between 1975 and 1976. It is in this scope that the military confrontation in Kifangondo is called a battle. The fighting caused a shock amongst several military forces.
Miguel Junior
Miguel Junior is a general officer of the Angolan Armed Forces and military historian. He is author of several works and has published articles on defense, security and history.
Read more from Miguel Junior
The War in Southern Africa: An Analysis of Angolan National Strategy 1975–1991 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe War in Southern Africa: An Analysis of South Africa’S Total National Strategy (1948 - 1994) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsInvolvement of South African Defense Forces in South East Angola 1966-1974: A Counterinsurgency Study Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAngola the Failure of Operation Savannah 1975 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMilitary History of Angola: From the Sixteenth Century to the Twentieth Century Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Formation and Development of the Angolan Armed Forces Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPopular Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola: First National Army and the War (1975-1992) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Route of Angola a Strategic Approach Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Related to Angola
Related ebooks
The Route of Angola a Strategic Approach Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsMilitary History of Angola: From the Sixteenth Century to the Twentieth Century Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAngola the Failure of Operation Savannah 1975 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe War in Southern Africa: An Analysis of Angolan National Strategy 1975–1991 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsInvolvement of South African Defense Forces in South East Angola 1966-1974: A Counterinsurgency Study Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsVincere: The Italian Royal Army's Counterinsurgency Operations in Africa, 1922–1940 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWar of Intervention in Angola: Volume 1 - Angolan and Cuban Forces at War, 1975-1976 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsAfrica: A Modern History Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Angolan War of Liberation: Colonial–Communist Clash, 1961–1974 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsHutu Rebels: Exile Warriors in the Eastern Congo Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Flechas: Insurgent Hunting in Eastern Angola, 1965–1974 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSummary of Helen Graham's The Spanish Civil War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsCold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946–1958 Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5Popular Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola: First National Army and the War (1975-1992) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Formation and Development of the Angolan Armed Forces Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe War in Southern Africa: An Analysis of South Africa’S Total National Strategy (1948 - 1994) Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Gold Coast Regiment in the East African Campaign Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Ambulance Man And The Spanish Civil War: Forgotten Stories From Spain, #1 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPegahmagabow: Life-Long Warrior Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsBattle Of Tanga, German East Africa, 1914 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Congo Unravelled: Military Operations from Independence to the Mercenary Revolt 1960–68 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5When Elephants Clash - A Critical Analysis Of Major General Paul Emil Von Lettow-Vorbeck Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Mau Mau: The Kenyan Emergency 1952–60 Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsGreat Lakes Conflagration: Second Congo War, 1998–2003 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Nom De Guerre: Ivan: American Intelligence Officer in the Spanish Civil War Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPortugal's Bush War in Mozambique Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Zulu War Journal Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLearning from Foreign Wars: Russian Military Thinking 1859-73 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Battle on the Lomba 1987: A Crew Commander's Account Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Wars & Military For You
Killing the SS: The Hunt for the Worst War Criminals in History Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Resistance: The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Making of the Atomic Bomb Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Sun Tzu's The Art of War: Bilingual Edition Complete Chinese and English Text Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Art of War Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5How to Hide an Empire: A History of the Greater United States Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Art of War: The Definitive Interpretation of Sun Tzu's Classic Book of Strategy Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Last Kingdom Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Masters of the Air: America's Bomber Boys Who Fought the Air War Against Nazi Germany Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Daily Creativity Journal Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The God Delusion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Band of Brothers: E Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne from Normandy to Hitler's Eagle's Nest Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Art of War & Other Classics of Eastern Philosophy Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Girls of Atomic City: The Untold Story of the Women Who Helped Win World War II Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Unacknowledged: An Expose of the World's Greatest Secret Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Only Plane in the Sky: An Oral History of 9/11 Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Forgotten Highlander: An Incredible WWII Story of Survival in the Pacific Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Washington: The Indispensable Man Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Heart of Everything That Is: The Untold Story of Red Cloud, An American Legend Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The History of the Peloponnesian War: With linked Table of Contents Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5They Thought They Were Free: The Germans, 1933–45 Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Doctors From Hell: The Horrific Account of Nazi Experiments on Humans Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Reviews for Angola
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
Angola - Miguel Junior
© 2020 Miguel Junior. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.
Published by AuthorHouse 12/10/2019
ISBN: 978-1-7283-9679-8 (sc)
ISBN: 978-1-7283-9680-4 (e)
Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.
Certain stock imagery © Getty Images.
Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.
CONTENTS
Introduction
1 Elna And The Battle Of Kifangondo
2 The Influence Of The Battle Of Kifangondo In The National And International Context
3 Reflexions On The Battle Of Kifangondo
4 Battle Of Kifangondo – A Case Study
Annex
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
CE – special commandos
ELNA – National Liberation Army of Angola
ELP – Portuguese Liberation Army
FAA – Armed Forces of Angola
FNLA – National Liberation Front of Angola
FAPLA – People’s Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola
FAR – Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba
ZAF – Zairean Armed Forces
MPLA – People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola
UNITA – National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
INTRODUCTION
On November 11 each year, the Angolan people celebrate national independence joyfully and with emotion. That date marks the birth of the Republic of Angola as a free, independent, and sovereign state. Upon proclamation of national independence, Angola entered the Concert of Nations. Hence, Angolans are proud of the conquest of independence and of the many victories that they have reached in several domains of national life throughout thirty-five years. In the field of national conquests, peace is the great conquest of Angolans because it represents the backbone for growth and national development. Peace is the inescapable base to materialise national aspirations and have a full and harmonious life. As such, Angolans are confident and will do everything to preserve peace.
When one reminisces about November 11, the first image that comes to mind is the moment of war that we were living in the remote year 1975. When we celebrate another anniversary of our independence, let us return to the words of Dr António Agostinho Neto, expressed in the act of proclamation of national independence. Another aspect that one must not ignore or underestimate concerns the Battle of Kifangondo, which was decisive in the context of the 1975 war.¹
Due to its impact, one must remember it and simultaneously see it as a moment of reflexion. In this perspective, and within the scope of the commemorations of the thirty-fifth anniversary of independence, the Ministry of National Defence and the General Staff of the FAA held a conference – the first amongst us – about the battle of Kifangondo. We thus go into reviewing battles as a current practice of military and academic institutions, an input to inform thought about situations of war, and in this case the very history of Angola.
In this book, we gather the presentations uttered for the public so that readers can know some historic elements of the battle of Kifangondo.
Institute of Thought
1
ELNA AND THE BATTLE OF KIFANGONDO
General Tonta Afonso de Castro²
I will frame the description of the battle in terms of politics, scope and aim, strategy, composition of forces, environment, and battle proper.
I. POLITICAL ASPECTS
The National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA), which began as a national liberation movement, was one of the first