A Simple Guide to Thyroiditis, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Disorders

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Thyroiditis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

The term thyroiditis indicates inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Thyroiditis can be classified based on the start of symptoms, underlying cause and medical symptoms.

The most frequent cause of thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease.

Thyroiditis can cause temporary or permanent hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Thyrotoxic phase

Thyrotoxicosis indicates that the thyroid is inflamed and secretes too many hormones.

Hypothyroid phase

After the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones for a few weeks or months, the thyroid will not have sufficient thyroid hormones to release.

This causes a lack of thyroid hormones or hypothyroidism.

Euthyroid phase

During the final euthyroid phase, the thyroid hormone levels return to normal.

This phase may come transiently after the thyrotoxic phase before continuing to the hypothyroid phase, or it may terminate after the thyroid gland has healed from the inflammation and is able to maintain a normal hormone level.

Types of thyroiditis

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: an autoimmune disorder produced by anti-thyroid antibodies.

This is the most frequent type of thyroiditis and 5 times more frequent in women than in men.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis normally leads to hypothyroidism, and thyroid hormone replacement treatment is required.

Silent thyroiditis or painless thyroiditis: another autoimmune disease produced by anti-thyroid antibodies.

It is also frequent in women and the next frequent cause after Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Post-partum thyroiditis: an autoimmune disorder produced by anti-thyroid antibodies that occasionally happens shortly after a woman gives birth

Radiation-induced thyroiditis: a disorder produced by external radiation used as a medical treatment for certain cancers, or by radioactive iodine used to treat hyperthyroidism

Sub-acute thyroiditis or de Quervain’s thyroiditis: an often painful disorder believed to be produced by a virus

Acute thyroiditis or suppurative thyroiditis: a relatively rare disorder produced by an infectious organism or bacterium

Drug-induced thyroiditis: a disorder is produced by the use of drugs such as amiodarone, interferons, lithium, and cytokines.

Thyroiditis can happen due to:
Autoimmune disease (Hashimoto thyroiditis, Graves disease, postpartum thyroiditis or painless sporadic thyroiditis),
Infection (painful sub-acute thyroiditis or suppurative thyroiditis),
Drugs (amiodarone, lithium, interferons and interleukin-2; and checkpoint inhibitors) or
Fibrosis (Riedel thyroiditis)

It can be categorized into acute, sub-acute, and chronic thyroiditis.

Acute thyroiditis is produced by bacterial infection of the gland.

Sub-acute, also termed granulomatous thyroiditis, is produced by viruses.

Chronic involves autoimmune thyroiditis, Hashimoto thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, and other painless thyroiditis, such as iatrogenic and drug-induced thyroiditis.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) should be examined to see if the patient has hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Thyroid microsomal antibodies and thyroid receptor antibodies can be examined for confirmation of autoimmune thyroid disease.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are raised in infectious thyroiditis (bacterial).

Thyroid ultrasound is the most important and most often used imaging method for evaluation of the thyroid gland.

The treatment of thyroiditis is dependent on the type, symptoms, and phase of thyroiditis.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Thyroiditis
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Chapter 8 Myxedema
Epilogue

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Feb 23, 2022
• ISBN: 9781005078362

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972. Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009. Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993. Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 70. However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours in the afternoon. He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com. His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com This autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com. From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks. He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books. He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures. Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple. For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients. The later books go into more details of medical disorders. He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter. The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks. He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke. His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre. The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall. He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) starting with the Apple computer and going to PC. The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core. The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive. He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance. His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner. The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned. This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale. Dr Kee is the author of: "A Family Doctor's Tale" "Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine" "Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

A

Simple

Guide

To

Thyroiditis,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Disorders

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2022 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Thyroiditis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Thyroiditis)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Thyroiditis

What is Thyroiditis?

The term thyroiditis indicates inflammation of the thyroid gland.

Thyroiditis can be classified based on the start of symptoms, underlying cause and medical symptoms.

The most frequent cause of thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease.

In the USA, Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism.

Thyroiditis can cause temporary or permanent hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Thyroiditis is the inflammation, of the thyroid gland and can cause over- or under-production of thyroid hormone.

There are 3 phases to thyroiditis:

1. Thyrotoxic phase

Thyrotoxicosis indicates that the thyroid is inflamed and secretes too many hormones.

2. Hypothyroid phase

After the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones for a few weeks or months, the thyroid will not have sufficient thyroid hormones to release.

This causes a lack of thyroid hormones or hypothyroidism.

3. Euthyroid phase

During the final euthyroid phase, the thyroid hormone levels return to normal.

This phase may come transiently after the thyrotoxic phase before continuing to the hypothyroid phase, or it may terminate after the thyroid gland has healed from the inflammation and is able to maintain a normal hormone level.

What are the types of thyroiditis?

1. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: an autoimmune disorder produced by anti-thyroid antibodies.

This is the most frequent type of thyroiditis and 5 times more frequent in women than in men.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis normally leads to hypothyroidism, and thyroid hormone replacement treatment is required.

2. Silent thyroiditis or painless thyroiditis: another autoimmune disease produced by anti-thyroid antibodies.

It is also frequent in women and the next frequent cause after Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

3. Post-partum thyroiditis: an autoimmune disorder produced by anti-thyroid antibodies that occasionally happens shortly after a woman gives birth

4. Radiation-induced thyroiditis: a disorder produced by external radiation used as a medical treatment for certain cancers, or by radioactive iodine used to treat hyperthyroidism

5. Sub-acute thyroiditis or de Quervain’s thyroiditis: an often painful disorder