A Racial Study of the Fijians
()
About this ebook
Related to A Racial Study of the Fijians
Related ebooks
A Racial Study of the Fijians Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRethinking Women's Roles: Perspectives from the Pacific Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Journal of Inuit Anthropology Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSyesis: Vol. 4, Supplement 1: Archaeology of the Gulf of Georgia area--a Natural Region and Its Culture Types Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPhylogeography of California: An Introduction Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsNegritos of Zambales Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsPacific Ways: Government and Politics in the Pacific Islands Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Virgin Islands: An Alphabetical Heritage Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsWorlds Apart: A History of the Pacific Islands Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA History of the Philippines Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsSeashells of Southern Florida: Living Marine Mollusks of the Florida Keys and Adjacent Regions: Bivalves Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Tinguian: Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsOn the Road to Tribal Extinction: Depopulation, Deculturation, and Adaptive Well-Being Among the Batak of the Philippines Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsReptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsNatural History of the White-Inyo Range, Eastern California Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Biology and Management of Lobsters: Ecology and Management Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Kabyle People Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Words of the Lagoon: Fishing and Marine Lore in the Palau District of Micronesia Rating: 3 out of 5 stars3/5The Hebrides Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsLanguages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Gullah Culture in America Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Behaviour, Population Biology and Physiology of the Petrels Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsRice, Rupees, and Ritual: Economy and Society Among the Samosir Batak of Sumatra Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsThe Hopi-Tewa of Arizona Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratingsA History of the Yoruba People Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5Hawai'i: A History of the Big Island Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Bontoc Igorot Rating: 0 out of 5 stars0 ratings
Classics For You
Mythos Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Confederacy of Dunces Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Flowers for Algernon Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Things They Carried Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Poisonwood Bible: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Silmarillion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Master & Margarita Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Fellowship Of The Ring: Being the First Part of The Lord of the Rings Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Learn French! Apprends l'Anglais! THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY: In French and English Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5A Farewell to Arms Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Old Man and the Sea: The Hemingway Library Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Wuthering Heights (with an Introduction by Mary Augusta Ward) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Canterbury Tales Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Rebecca Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Odyssey: (The Stephen Mitchell Translation) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Jungle: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Count of Monte Cristo (abridged) (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Sense and Sensibility (Centaur Classics) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Master and Margarita Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Iliad: The Fitzgerald Translation Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close: A Novel Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Animal Farm: A Fairy Story Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Republic by Plato Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Count of Monte-Cristo English and French Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Little Women (Seasons Edition -- Winter) Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5As I Lay Dying Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5The Grapes of Wrath Rating: 5 out of 5 stars5/5The Princess Bride: S. Morgenstern's Classic Tale of True Love and High Adventure Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5For Whom the Bell Tolls: The Hemingway Library Edition Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5Persuasion Rating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5
Related categories
Reviews for A Racial Study of the Fijians
0 ratings0 reviews
Book preview
A Racial Study of the Fijians - Norman E. Gabel
Norman E. Gabel
A Racial Study of the Fijians
EAN 8596547138532
DigiCat, 2022
Contact: DigiCat@okpublishing.info
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
THE PROBLEM AND PROCEDURE
THE HABITAT
HISTORY
POPULATION
RACIAL BACKGROUND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
MEASUREMENTS AND INDICES
GENERAL
Weight [12]
Stature
Span
Span-Stature Index
THE TRUNK
Sitting Height
Relative Sitting Height
Biacromial
Relative Shoulder Breadth
Bi-Iliac
Shoulder-Hip
Chest Breadth
Chest Depth
Thoracic
ARMS AND LEGS
Arm Length
Humeral Length
Radial Length
Radial-Humeral
Leg Length
Tibial Length
Calf Circumference
THE HEAD
Head Circumference
Head Length
Head Breadth
Cephalic Index
Head Height
Length-Height
Breadth-Height
Cranial Module
Minimum Frontal
Fronto-Parietal
THE FACE
Bizygomatic
Cephalo-Facial
Zygo-Frontal
Total Face Height
Total Facial Index
Upper Face Height
Upper Facial Index
Bigonial
Fronto-Gonial
Zygo-Gonial
Nasal Height
Nasal Breadth
Nasal Index
Nasal Depth
Nasal-Depth Index
Mouth Breadth
Lip Thickness
Ear Length
Ear Breadth
Ear Index
Bicanine Breadth
MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
PIGMENTATION
Skin Color: Exposed
Skin Color: Unexposed
Hair Color
Eye Color
HAIR
Hair Form
Hair Texture
Head Hair Quantity
Hair Length
Baldness
Beard Quantity
Body Hair
Grayness: Head
Grayness: Beard
THE FACE
Prognathism: Total
Prognathism: Mid-Facial
Prognathism: Alveolar
Malar Projection: Lateral
Malar Projection: Frontal
Gonial Angles
Palate Shape
Chin Prominence
Chin Type
THE HEAD
Temporal Fullness
Occipital Protrusion
Lambdoidal Flattening
Occipital Flattening
Median Sagittal Crest
Parietal Bosses
Cranial Asymmetry
Facial Asymmetry
EYES
Eye Folds: External
Eye Fold: Median
Eye Folds: Internal
Eye Obliquity
Eye Opening
FOREHEAD
Brow Ridges
Forehead Height
Forehead Slope
NOSE
Nasion Depression
Root Height
Root Breadth
Nasal Septum
Bridge Height
Bridge Breadth
Nasal Profile
Nasal-Tip Thickness
Nasal-Tip Inclination
Nasal Wings
MOUTH
Lip Thickness: Membranous
Lip Thickness: Integumental
Lip Eversion
Lip Seam
TEETH
Bite
Caries
Crowding
Tooth Eruption
Wear
EARS
Ear Helix
Darwin's Point
Ear-Lobe Type
Ear-Lobe Size
Ear Protrusion
Ear Slant
BODY BUILD
Body Build: Endomorph
Body Build: Mesomorph
Body Build: Ectomorph
SUMMARY
Body (pl. 1) .
Skin Color.
Hair (pls. 6 and 7) .
Head (pl. 2) .
Forehead (pl. 10) .
Face.
Eyes.
Nose (pl. 4) .
Lips (pl. 5) .
Teeth.
Ears (pl. 5) .
CONCLUSIONS
LITERATURE CITED
PLATES
PLATE 1. NEAR-AVERAGE BODY FEATURES
PLATE 2. NEAR-AVERAGE CRANIAL FEATURES
PLATE 3. NEAR-AVERAGE FACIAL FEATURES
PLATE 4. NEAR-AVERAGE FACE AND NOSE FEATURES
PLATE 5. NEAR-AVERAGE LIP AND EAR FEATURES
PLATE 6. NEAR-AVERAGE HAIR FEATURES
PLATE 7. HAIR FORM VARIANTS
PLATE 8. PRONOUNCED BODY HAIR
PLATE 9. PRONOUNCED BEARD
PLATE 10. FACIAL VARIATIONS
PLATE 11. INTERIOR SUBJECT (MORE NEGROID)
PLATE 12. NEGROID
FIJIAN
PLATE 13. INTERIOR SUBJECT (MORE AUSTRALOID)
PLATE 14. AUSTRALOID
FIJIANS
PLATE 15. EASTERN SUBJECT (MORE POLYNESIAN)
Illustration: PLATE 16. POLYNESIAN
FIJIANS
INTRODUCTION
Table of Contents
This paper concerns itself with a physical survey of the native male population of Fiji. The main objective is a description of these people by means of anthropometric procedure.[1] The treatment includes, first, a description of the Fijians as a whole, second, a comparison with neighboring people, and third, regional differences among the Fijians themselves.
THE PROBLEM AND PROCEDURE
Table of Contents
The data used in this survey were secured in 1954 during a stay of seven months in Fiji. My plan was to obtain anthropometric samples from several parts of the archipelago; this plan was only slightly altered as time and transportation facilities directed. Each of the three main administrative districts into which the islands are divided were visited and within each district samples were secured from most of the constituent provinces. The original sample consisted of 880 subjects. Later, 65 subjects were excluded for various reasons: some were part Samoan or Tongan, a few were Rotumans, and others were immature. The number finally used stands at 815.
A limited amount of comparative material has been included in order to help locate the Fijians in the overall Pacific picture. These data were drawn from W. W. Howells, Anthropometry and Blood Types in Fiji and the Solomon Islands
in The American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, volume 33, part 4, 1933, and from L. R. Sullivan, A Contribution to Tongan Somatology
based on the field studies of E. W. Gifford and W. C. McKern, in Memoires of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, volume 8, number 4, 1922. The latter report provides comparison with what may be termed western Polynesians who are also the nearest Polynesians to the Fijians. The Fijian data in Howell's paper make it possible for me to check some of my own Fijian material, and the Solomon Island data in the same report provide a Melanesian measuring stick.
Since an over-all description of the Fijians is the initial concern of this paper, each physical trait measured or derived from measurement is tabulated according to range, average, and deviation. Traits observed but not measured are presented according to degree of development, e.g., absent, medium, and pronounced, and according to percentage of occurrence. Further statistical manipulation is not deemed necessary for the writer's purposes.
It is well established that the Fijians are a mixed people. They are regarded, and with good reason, as a hybrid of, mainly, Melanesian and Polynesian components. Their geographical location, their history, and their physical appearance bear this out.
The proportions of Polynesian and Melanesian elements are, of course, not evenly distributed throughout Fiji. Even superficial observation indicates that the natives range from strongly Melanesian to markedly Polynesian. To demonstrate how this variability follows certain regional trends, the data have been broken down into four geographical areas. This subdivision rests on several considerations and merits further comment.
One of the subgroups represents the people of the mountainous interior of Viti Levu, the main island of Fiji (see accompanying map). This region may be regarded as something of a refuge area. Fijians from this relatively isolated locality might reasonably be expected to exhibit more of the earlier racial elements of the total composition. It should be pointed out,