Virotherapy: A virus to find and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Virotherapy

Reprogramming viruses in order to cure illness is an example of virotherapy, which is a kind of treatment that makes use of biotechnology to turn viruses into therapeutic agents. Anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy, and viral immunotherapy are the three primary subspecialties that fall under the umbrella term "virotherapy." Gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery are the three distinct approaches that are used by these branches throughout the therapeutic process. Gene overexpression results in the addition of genetic sequences that make up for insufficient or nonexistent amounts of essential gene expression. Gene silencing or expression reduction may be achieved by gene deletion by using RNA-based techniques. The delivery of suicide genes involves the introduction of genetic sequences that trigger an apoptotic response in cells; this is often done in order to eliminate malignant growths. In a somewhat different setting, the term "virotherapy" may also refer to the use of viruses to cure certain medical problems by eliminating infections. This is one definition of the term.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Virotherapy

Chapter 2: Gene therapy

Chapter 3: Immunotherapy

Chapter 4: Cancer vaccine

Chapter 5: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell

Chapter 6: Cancer immunotherapy

Chapter 7: Oncolytic virus

Chapter 8: Viral vector

Chapter 9: Murine respirovirus

Chapter 10: Oncolytics Biotech

Chapter 11: Pelareorep

Chapter 12: Molecular oncology

Chapter 13: Pexastimogene devacirepvec

Chapter 14: Talimogene laherparepvec

Chapter 15: Oncolytic herpes virus

Chapter 16: Oncolytic adenovirus

Chapter 17: Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter

Chapter 18: Timeline of cancer treatment development

Chapter 19: Julianna Lisziewicz

Chapter 20: Oncolytic AAV

Chapter 21: Viral vector vaccine

(II) Answering the public top questions about virotherapy.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of virotherapy in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of virotherapy' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of virotherapy.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Oct 5, 2022

Book preview

Copyright

Virotherapy Copyright © 2022 by Fouad Sabry. All Rights Reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.

Cover designed by Fouad Sabry.

This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

Bonus

You can send an email to [e-mail] with the subject line Virotherapy: A virus to find and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells, and you will receive an email which contains the first few chapters of this book.

Fouad Sabry

Visit 1BK website at

www.1BKOfficial.org

Preface

Why did I write this book?

The story of writing this book started on 1989, when I was a student in the Secondary School of Advanced Students.

It is remarkably like the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Schools, which are now available in many advanced countries.

STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering, and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. This term is typically used to address an education policy or a curriculum choice in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.

There was a weekly class in the library, where each student is free to choose any book and read for 1 hour. The objective of the class is to encourage the students to read subjects other than the educational curriculum.

In the library, while I was looking at the books on the shelves, I noticed huge books, total of 5,000 pages in 5 parts. The books name is The Encyclopedia of Technology, which describes everything around us, from absolute zero to semiconductors, almost every technology, at that time, was explained with colorful illustrations and simple words. I started to read the encyclopedia, and of course, I was not able to finish it in the 1-hour weekly class.

So, I convinced my father to buy the encyclopedia. My father bought all the technology tools for me in the beginning of my life, the first computer and the first technology encyclopedia, and both have a great impact on myself and my career.

I have finished the entire encyclopedia in the same summer vacation of this year, and then I started to see how the universe works and to how to apply that knowledge to everyday problems.

My passion to the technology started mor than 30 years ago and still the journey goes on.

This book is part of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies which is my attempt to give the readers the same amazing experience I had when I was in high school, but instead of 20th century technologies, I am more interested in the 21st century emerging technologies, applications, and industry solutions.

The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies will consist of 365 books, each book will be focused on one single emerging technology. You can read the list of emerging technologies and their categorization by industry in the part of Coming Soon, at the end of the book.

365 books to give the readers the chance to increase their knowledge on one single emerging technology every day within the course of one year period.

Introduction

How did I write this book?

In every book of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies, I am trying to get instant, raw search insights, direct from the minds of the people, trying to answer their questions about the emerging technology.

There are 3 billion Google searches every day, and 20% of those have never been seen before. They are like a direct line to the people thoughts.

Sometimes that’s ‘How do I remove paper jam’. Other times, it is the wrenching fears and secret hankerings they would only ever dare share with Google.

In my pursuit to discover an untapped goldmine of content ideas about Virotherapy, I use many tools to listen into autocomplete data from search engines like Google, then quickly cranks out every useful phrase and question, the people are asking around the keyword Virotherapy.

It is a goldmine of people insight, I can use to create fresh, ultra-useful content, products, and services. The kind people, like you, really want.

People searches are the most important dataset ever collected on the human psyche. Therefore, this book is a live product, and constantly updated by more and more answers for new questions about Virotherapy, asked by people, just like you and me, wondering about this new emerging technology and would like to know more about it.

The approach for writing this book is to get a deeper level of understanding of how people search around Virotherapy, revealing questions and queries which I would not necessarily think off the top of my head, and answering these questions in super easy and digestible words, and to navigate the book around in a straightforward way.

So, when it comes to writing this book, I have ensured that it is as optimized and targeted as possible. This book purpose is helping the people to further understand and grow their knowledge about Virotherapy. I am trying to answer people’s questions as closely as possible and showing a lot more.

It is a fantastic, and beautiful way to explore questions and problems that the people have and answer them directly, and add insight, validation, and creativity to the content of the book – even pitches and proposals. The book uncovers rich, less crowded, and sometimes surprising areas of research demand I would not otherwise reach. There is no doubt that, it is expected to increase the knowledge of the potential readers’ minds, after reading the book using this approach.

I have applied a unique approach to make the content of this book always fresh. This approach depends on listening to the people minds, by using the search listening tools. This approach helped me to:

Meet the readers exactly where they are, so I can create relevant content that strikes a chord and drives more understanding to the topic.

Keep my finger firmly on the pulse, so I can get updates when people talk about this emerging technology in new ways, and monitor trends over time.

Uncover hidden treasures of questions need answers about the emerging technology to discover unexpected insights and hidden niches that boost the relevancy of the content and give it a winning edge.

The building block for writing this book include the following:

(1) I have stopped wasting the time on gutfeel and guesswork about the content wanted by the readers, filled the book content with what the people need and said goodbye to the endless content ideas based on speculations.

(2) I have made solid decisions, and taken fewer risks, to get front row seats to what people want to read and want to know — in real time — and use search data to make bold decisions, about which topics to include and which topics to exclude.

(3) I have streamlined my content production to identify content ideas without manually having to sift through individual opinions to save days and even weeks of time.

It is wonderful to help the people to increase their knowledge in a straightforward way by just answering their questions.

I think the approach of writing of this book is unique as it collates, and tracks the important questions being asked by the readers on search engines.

Acknowledgments

Writing a book is harder than I thought and more rewarding than I could have ever imagined. None of this would have been possible without the work completed by prestigious researchers, and I would like to acknowledge their efforts to increase the knowledge of the public about this emerging technology.

Dedication

To the enlightened, the ones who see things differently, and want the world to be better -- they are not fond of the status quo or the existing state. You can disagree with them too much, and you can argue with them even more, but you cannot ignore them, and you cannot underestimate them, because they always change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones or amateur, others see genius and innovators, because the ones who are enlightened enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do, and lead the people to the enlightenment.

Epigraph

Reprogramming viruses in order to cure illness is an example of virotherapy, which is a kind of treatment that makes use of biotechnology to turn viruses into therapeutic agents. Anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy, and viral immunotherapy are the three primary subspecialties that fall under the umbrella term virotherapy. Gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery are the three distinct approaches that are used by these branches throughout the therapeutic process. Gene overexpression results in the addition of genetic sequences that make up for insufficient or nonexistent amounts of essential gene expression. Gene silencing or expression reduction may be achieved by gene deletion by using RNA-based techniques. The delivery of suicide genes involves the introduction of genetic sequences that trigger an apoptotic response in cells; this is often done in order to eliminate malignant growths. In a somewhat different setting, the term virotherapy may also refer to the use of viruses to cure certain medical problems by eliminating infections. This is one definition of the term.

Table of Contents

Copyright

Bonus

Preface

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Dedication

Epigraph

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Virotherapy

Chapter 2: Gene therapy

Chapter 3: Immunotherapy

Chapter 4: Cancer vaccine

Chapter 5: Chimeric antigen receptor T cell

Chapter 6: Cancer immunotherapy

Chapter 7: Oncolytic virus

Chapter 8: Viral vector

Chapter 9: Murine respirovirus

Chapter 10: Oncolytics Biotech

Chapter 11: Pelareorep

Chapter 12: Molecular oncology

Chapter 13: Pexastimogene devacirepvec

Chapter 14: Talimogene laherparepvec

Chapter 15: Oncolytic herpes virus

Chapter 16: Oncolytic adenovirus

Chapter 17: Measles virus encoding the human thyroidal sodium iodide symporter

Chapter 18: Timeline of cancer treatment development

Chapter 19: Julianna Lisziewicz

Chapter 20: Oncolytic AAV

Chapter 21: Viral vector vaccine

Epilogue

About the Author

Coming Soon

Appendices: Emerging Technologies in Each Industry

Chapter 1: Virotherapy

Reprogramming viruses in order to cure illness is an example of virotherapy, which is a kind of treatment that makes use of biotechnology to turn viruses into therapeutic agents. Anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy, and viral immunotherapy are the three primary subfields that fall under the umbrella term virotherapy. Gene overexpression, gene knockout, and suicide gene delivery are the three distinct approaches that are used by these branches throughout the therapeutic process. Gene overexpression results in the addition of genetic sequences that make up for insufficient or nonexistent amounts of essential gene expression. Gene silencing or expression reduction may be achieved by gene deletion by using RNA-based techniques. The delivery of suicide genes involves the introduction of genetic sequences that trigger an apoptotic response in cells; this is often done in order to eliminate malignant growths. In a somewhat different setting, the term virotherapy may also be used to refer to the more general practice of using viruses to cure specific medical diseases by eliminating infectious agents.

A researcher at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center named Chester M. Southam is credited with being a pioneer in the study of viruses as possible agents to treat cancer.

Oncolytic virotherapy is not a new idea. As early as the mid 1950s, doctors were noticing that cancer patients who had suffered a non-related viral infection, or who had been vaccinated recently, showed signs of improvement; this has been largely attributed to the production of interferon and tumour necrosis factors in response to viral infection, but oncolytic viruses are being designed that selectively target and lyse only cancerous cells. Oncolytic virotherapy is currently being.

In the 1940s and 1950s, research was carried out on animal models to investigate the efficacy of viruses as a potential therapy for the treatment of tumors.

It is thought that oncolytic viruses accomplish their objectives via two distinct mechanisms: the selective destruction of tumor cells and the activation of the immune system of the host. At the moment, there are a great deal of viruses that are being researched and examined; these viruses are all distinctive in the ways that they may lyse cells, stimulate the immune system, and transmit genes.

As of the year 2019, there are over one hundred clinical studies investigating a variety of malignancies, viruses, dosages, and delivery methods. Herpesvirus, adenovirus, and the vaccinia virus have been the focus of the majority of the research; however, other viruses, such as measles virus, coxsackievirus, polio virus, and newcastle disease virus, have also been studied.

The commercialization of talimogene laherparepvec, a genetically modified herpes virus, was given the green light by the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of melanoma lesions that cannot be operated on. As of 2019, it is the only oncolytic virus that