Jet Pack: Flying like Iron Man

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Jet Pack

The equipment known as a jet pack, rocket belt, or rocket pack is worn on the back and employs jets of gas or liquid to propel the user through the air. Other names for this kind of gadget are rocket pack and rocket belt. The idea has been a staple in the genre of science fiction for almost to a century, but it didn't start gaining traction until the 1960s. Real jet packs have been developed using a variety of different mechanisms, but their applications are significantly more restricted than those of their fictional counterparts due to the difficulties presented by the Earth's atmosphere, gravity, the low energy density of usable fuels, and the fact that the human body is not suited to flight. Real jet packs are primarily used for stunts. As a result of the apparent lack of gravity and the absence of an environment that generates friction, the jet pack has found a useful use in extra-vehicular exercises performed by astronauts in space. A system that enhances a person's maneuverability and includes a jet pack as well as accompanying jets that are mounted to the arms is referred to as a jet suit.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Jet pack

Chapter 2: Jet engine

Chapter 3: Ramjet

Chapter 4: Aircraft engine

Chapter 5: Jet aircraft

Chapter 6: Turbojet

Chapter 7: Scramjet

Chapter 8: Rocket engine

Chapter 9: Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket

Chapter 10: Propelling nozzle

Chapter 11: Airplane

Chapter 12: Bell Rocket Belt

Chapter 13: Yves Rossy

Chapter 14: Air turborocket

Chapter 15: Armstrong Siddeley Snarler

Chapter 16: Airbreathing jet engine

Chapter 17: Powered aircraft

Chapter 18: Flyboard

Chapter 19: Société d'Etudes pour la Propulsion par Réaction

Chapter 20: JetLev

Chapter 21: Wendell F. Moore

(II) Answering the public top questions about jet pack.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of jet pack in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of jet pack' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of jet pack.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Oct 25, 2022

Book preview

Copyright

Jet Pack Copyright © 2022 by Fouad Sabry. All Rights Reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.

Cover designed by Fouad Sabry.

This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

Bonus

You can send an email to [e-mail] with the subject line Jet Pack: Flying like Iron Man, and you will receive an email which contains the first few chapters of this book.

Fouad Sabry

Visit 1BK website at

www.1BKOfficial.org

Preface

Why did I write this book?

The story of writing this book started on 1989, when I was a student in the Secondary School of Advanced Students.

It is remarkably like the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Schools, which are now available in many advanced countries.

STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering, and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. This term is typically used to address an education policy or a curriculum choice in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.

There was a weekly class in the library, where each student is free to choose any book and read for 1 hour. The objective of the class is to encourage the students to read subjects other than the educational curriculum.

In the library, while I was looking at the books on the shelves, I noticed huge books, total of 5,000 pages in 5 parts. The books name is The Encyclopedia of Technology, which describes everything around us, from absolute zero to semiconductors, almost every technology, at that time, was explained with colorful illustrations and simple words. I started to read the encyclopedia, and of course, I was not able to finish it in the 1-hour weekly class.

So, I convinced my father to buy the encyclopedia. My father bought all the technology tools for me in the beginning of my life, the first computer and the first technology encyclopedia, and both have a great impact on myself and my career.

I have finished the entire encyclopedia in the same summer vacation of this year, and then I started to see how the universe works and to how to apply that knowledge to everyday problems.

My passion to the technology started mor than 30 years ago and still the journey goes on.

This book is part of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies which is my attempt to give the readers the same amazing experience I had when I was in high school, but instead of 20th century technologies, I am more interested in the 21st century emerging technologies, applications, and industry solutions.

The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies will consist of 365 books, each book will be focused on one single emerging technology. You can read the list of emerging technologies and their categorization by industry in the part of Coming Soon, at the end of the book.

365 books to give the readers the chance to increase their knowledge on one single emerging technology every day within the course of one year period.

Introduction

How did I write this book?

In every book of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies, I am trying to get instant, raw search insights, direct from the minds of the people, trying to answer their questions about the emerging technology.

There are 3 billion Google searches every day, and 20% of those have never been seen before. They are like a direct line to the people thoughts.

Sometimes that’s ‘How do I remove paper jam’. Other times, it is the wrenching fears and secret hankerings they would only ever dare share with Google.

In my pursuit to discover an untapped goldmine of content ideas about Jet Pack, I use many tools to listen into autocomplete data from search engines like Google, then quickly cranks out every useful phrase and question, the people are asking around the keyword Jet Pack.

It is a goldmine of people insight, I can use to create fresh, ultra-useful content, products, and services. The kind people, like you, really want.

People searches are the most important dataset ever collected on the human psyche. Therefore, this book is a live product, and constantly updated by more and more answers for new questions about Jet Pack, asked by people, just like you and me, wondering about this new emerging technology and would like to know more about it.

The approach for writing this book is to get a deeper level of understanding of how people search around Jet Pack, revealing questions and queries which I would not necessarily think off the top of my head, and answering these questions in super easy and digestible words, and to navigate the book around in a straightforward way.

So, when it comes to writing this book, I have ensured that it is as optimized and targeted as possible. This book purpose is helping the people to further understand and grow their knowledge about Jet Pack. I am trying to answer people’s questions as closely as possible and showing a lot more.

It is a fantastic, and beautiful way to explore questions and problems that the people have and answer them directly, and add insight, validation, and creativity to the content of the book – even pitches and proposals. The book uncovers rich, less crowded, and sometimes surprising areas of research demand I would not otherwise reach. There is no doubt that, it is expected to increase the knowledge of the potential readers’ minds, after reading the book using this approach.

I have applied a unique approach to make the content of this book always fresh. This approach depends on listening to the people minds, by using the search listening tools. This approach helped me to:

Meet the readers exactly where they are, so I can create relevant content that strikes a chord and drives more understanding to the topic.

Keep my finger firmly on the pulse, so I can get updates when people talk about this emerging technology in new ways, and monitor trends over time.

Uncover hidden treasures of questions need answers about the emerging technology to discover unexpected insights and hidden niches that boost the relevancy of the content and give it a winning edge.

The building block for writing this book include the following:

(1) I have stopped wasting the time on gutfeel and guesswork about the content wanted by the readers, filled the book content with what the people need and said goodbye to the endless content ideas based on speculations.

(2) I have made solid decisions, and taken fewer risks, to get front row seats to what people want to read and want to know — in real time — and use search data to make bold decisions, about which topics to include and which topics to exclude.

(3) I have streamlined my content production to identify content ideas without manually having to sift through individual opinions to save days and even weeks of time.

It is wonderful to help the people to increase their knowledge in a straightforward way by just answering their questions.

I think the approach of writing of this book is unique as it collates, and tracks the important questions being asked by the readers on search engines.

Acknowledgments

Writing a book is harder than I thought and more rewarding than I could have ever imagined. None of this would have been possible without the work completed by prestigious researchers, and I would like to acknowledge their efforts to increase the knowledge of the public about this emerging technology.

Dedication

To the enlightened, the ones who see things differently, and want the world to be better -- they are not fond of the status quo or the existing state. You can disagree with them too much, and you can argue with them even more, but you cannot ignore them, and you cannot underestimate them, because they always change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones or amateur, others see genius and innovators, because the ones who are enlightened enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do, and lead the people to the enlightenment.

Epigraph

The equipment known as a jet pack, rocket belt, or rocket pack is worn on the back and employs jets of gas or liquid to propel the user through the air. Other names for this kind of gadget are rocket pack and rocket belt. The idea has been a staple in the genre of science fiction for almost to a century, but it didn't start gaining traction until the 1960s. Real jet packs have been developed using a variety of different mechanisms, but their applications are significantly more restricted than those of their fictional counterparts due to the difficulties presented by the Earth's atmosphere, gravity, the low energy density of usable fuels, and the fact that the human body is not suited to flight. Real jet packs are primarily used for stunts. As a result of the apparent lack of gravity and the absence of an environment that generates friction, the jet pack has found a useful use in extra-vehicular exercises performed by astronauts in space. A system that enhances a person's maneuverability and includes a jet pack as well as accompanying jets that are mounted to the arms is referred to as a jet suit.

Table of Contents

Copyright

Bonus

Preface

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Dedication

Epigraph

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Jet pack

Chapter 2: Jet engine

Chapter 3: Ramjet

Chapter 4: Aircraft engine

Chapter 5: Jet aircraft

Chapter 6: Turbojet

Chapter 7: Scramjet

Chapter 8: Rocket engine

Chapter 9: Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket

Chapter 10: Propelling nozzle

Chapter 11: Airplane

Chapter 12: Bell Rocket Belt

Chapter 13: Yves Rossy

Chapter 14: Air turborocket

Chapter 15: Armstrong Siddeley Snarler

Chapter 16: Airbreathing jet engine

Chapter 17: Powered aircraft

Chapter 18: Flyboard

Chapter 19: Société d'Etudes pour la Propulsion par Réaction

Chapter 20: JetLev

Chapter 21: Wendell F. Moore

Epilogue

About the Author

Coming Soon

Appendices: Emerging Technologies in Each Industry

Chapter 1: Jet pack

The equipment known as a jet pack, rocket belt, or rocket pack is worn on the back and employs jets of gas or liquid to propel the user through the air. Other names for this kind of gadget are rocket pack and rocket belt. The idea has been a staple in the genre of science fiction for almost to a century, but it didn't start gaining traction until the 1960s. Real jet packs have been developed using a variety of different mechanisms, but their applications are significantly more restricted than those of their fictional counterparts due to the difficulties presented by the Earth's atmosphere, gravity, the low energy density of usable fuels, and the fact that the human body is not suited to flight. Real jet packs are primarily used for stunts. As a result of the apparent lack of gravity and the absence of an environment that generates friction, the jet pack has found a useful use in extra-vehicular exercises performed by astronauts in space. A system that enhances a person's maneuverability and includes a jet pack as well as accompanying jets that are mounted to the arms is referred to as a jet suit (e.g. the Daedalus Flight Pack).

A jet pack, in its most basic sense, is a piece of wearable technology that generates propulsion in order to provide the user the ability to fly. This push must be upwards so as to overcome the force of gravity, and it must be sufficient to overcome the weight of the user, the jet pack itself, and its fuel. The only exception to this rule is when the jet pack is being used in an environment with microgravity. Because of this, it is absolutely necessary for the jet pack to continually move mass in the direction of the ground.

Alexander Andreev, a Russian inventor, came up with the very first idea for a pack in the year 1919. Nikolai Rynin and the technical historians Yu. V. Biryukov and S. V. Golotyuk had high praise for the idea. Later on, a patent was granted for it, but it does not seem that it was ever manufactured or tested. It was propelled by oxygen and methane, and it was most likely a rocket. It had wings that were around 1 meter (3 feet) in length apiece.

The breakdown process of hydrogen peroxide is the driving force of an engine that is driven by hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide that is almost completely pure (90 percent in the Bell Rocket Belt) is used.

Pure hydrogen peroxide has a high degree of stability, but when brought into touch with a catalyst (such, for instance,, In a time span of less than one tenth of a millisecond, silver disintegrates into a compound consisting of superheated steam and oxygen, increasing in volume 5,000 times: 2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2.

The reaction generates heat (exothermia), i.e, along with the release of a significant amount of heat (about 2,500 kJ/kg or 5,800 BTU/lb), forming in this case a steam-gas mixture at 740 °C [1,360 °F].

This hot gas is the only one that is employed as the reaction mass, and it is piped straight into one or more jet nozzles.

The short amount of time that the device can be used is the primary drawback. Although the jet of steam and oxygen may deliver a substantial amount of thrust from comparatively lightweight rockets, the jet has a relatively low exhaust velocity and, as a result, a poor specific impulse. At the moment, these rocket belts are only capable of flight for roughly thirty seconds (because of the limited amount of fuel the user can carry unassisted).

The specific impulse might be more than doubled by using a bipropellant that is more standard. However, despite the fact that the exhaust fumes from the peroxide-based engine are very hot, they are still noticeably more bearable to breathe than the exhaust gases created by other propellants. The use of a propellant that is based on peroxide significantly lowers the chance of a fire or explosion, which might result in serious injuries for the operator.

Rocket packs are a lot easier to construct than systems that use turbojets since the thrust they create comes mostly from the expulsion of air from the surrounding environment, as is the case with turbojet engines. Given enough engineering education and a sufficient degree of tool-making expertise, the traditional rocket pack structure developed by Wendell Moore is capable of being fabricated in a workshop setting.

The primary drawbacks of this sort of rocket pack are:

a flight with a relatively short length (a maximum of around 30 seconds).

The significant financial burden caused by the peroxide propellant.

The inherent hazards that come with flying below the minimum parachute height, since this puts the operator in a position where they are not protected by any safety equipment in the event of an accident or a malfunction.

Given that there are no dual-control training versions available, learning how to fly it in a secure environment.

The extreme challenge that comes with manually controlling such a gadget.

Due to these factors, the field of application for rocket packs is restricted to the performance of very spectacular public demonstration flights, also known as stunts. For instance, a flight was organized during the opening ceremony of the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, which took place in the United States.

Justin Capră claimed that he invented a flying rucksack (Romanian: rucsac zburator) in 1956 in Romania, and, without seeming to generate any attention at all, communicated his plan to the American Embassy in London.

At Bell Laboratories in 1962, a backpack was first conceived of and produced, following Justin Capră's prototype.

The backpack is now on exhibit at a museum, where it is being preserved for future generations.

Garry Burdett and Alexander Bohr, both engineers working for the Thiokol Corporation, came up with the idea for a jump belt in 1958 and gave it the working title of Project Grasshopper. Compressed nitrogen at high pressure was the driving force behind the thrust. Two little nozzles were fastened to the belt in such a way that they pointed vertically down. The individual who was wearing the belt had the ability to operate a valve, which resulted in nitrogen being released from the gas cylinder via the nozzles. This caused the individual to be propelled forward to a height of 7 meters (23 ft). It was able to run at speeds between 45 and 50 kilometers per hour while leaning forward thanks to the force provided by the jump belt (28 to 31 mph). In later experiments, Burdett and Bohr tried out a model that was driven by hydrogen peroxide. A serviceman put the jump belt through its paces during a demonstration, but since there was no funding available, no more testing was carried out.

Aerojet General Corporation was awarded a contract by the United States Army in 1959 to develop a jet pack or rocket pack. At the beginning of the year 1960, Richard Peoples completed the very first tethered flight ever with his Aeropack.

This kind of aerial vehicle did not fall off the radar of the military at any point. According to research conducted by the United States Army Transportation Research Command (TRECOM), personal jet devices have the potential for a wide range of applications, including reconnaissance, river crossing, amphibious landing, accessing steep mountain slopes, navigating minefields, and tactical maneuvering, amongst others. The term Small Rocket Lift Device, or SRLD, was given to the idea.

Within the context of this idea, the government in 1959 entered into a sizable contract with the Aerojet General firm to investigate the feasibility of creating an SRLD that is appropriate for use by the military. After much deliberation, Aerojet decided that the configuration of the engine in which it is fueled by hydrogen peroxide was the best option. On the other hand, it didn't take long for the military to figure out that an engineer working for the Bell Aerosystems business named Wendell F. Moore had been conducting tests to develop a personal jet device for a number of years. After becoming familiar with his body of work, members of the armed forces made the decision in August 1960 to engage Bell Aerosystems with the task of constructing an SRLD. Wendell Moore was designated principal project engineer.

The Bell Rocketbelt was shown to the general public in the year 1960. The rocket that produced the jet of gas was fueled by hydrogen peroxide; however, the jet of gas might also be generated by a turbojet engine, a ducted fan, or other types of rockets that are powered by solid fuel, liquid fuel, or compressed gas (usually nitrogen).

This is the earliest sort of jet pack or rocket pack that has been discovered. Near Dulles International Airport, the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, which is part of the National Air and Space Museum and is run by the Smithsonian Institution, has an exhibit of one Bell Rocket Belt.

This was the product that succeeded the Bell Rocket Belt.

The Bell Pogo was a miniature rocket-powered platform that could accommodate two persons at a time. Components from the Bell Rocket Belt were used into its design.

Kinnie Gibson is the owner and operator of Powerhouse Productions, which is more generally known as The Rocketman. Powerhouse Productions is responsible for the production of the 30-second flying Rocketbelt (June 1994) and also arranges Rocketbelt performances. Since 1983, Powerhouse Productions has provided show flights for events and television shows in over 40 countries. These events and shows include the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, Super Bowls, the Rose Parade, the Daytona 500, and Michael Jackson's Dangerous World Tour. Powerhouse Productions has also performed show flights for television shows such as Walker, Texas Ranger, The Fall Guy, and NCIS. Powerhouse Rocketbelt pilots include stuntman Kinnie Gibson and Dan Schlund.

Jetpack International manufactured three distinct varieties of wingless jet packs:

On the edition of the Today Show that aired on April 9, 2007, a Jet Pack H2O2 was flown for 34 seconds in Central Park and then sold for a price of $150,000.

As of January 2009 their H2O2 jet packs are for demonstration only, not for sale.

The TechCrunch Disrupt conference that took place in 2014, Astro Teller, chief executive officer of Google X, the company's research laboratory, said that they looked at jet packs but concluded that they would not be useful due to their low efficiency, with fuel consumption as high as 940 L/100 km (¹⁄4 mpg-US), It had the decibel level of a motorbike, Consequently, they made the decision not to continue developing them.

In recent years, the rocket pack has emerged as a popular accessory among enthusiasts, and some of these individuals have even constructed their own. The fundamental structure of the pack is very straightforward, however the gas generator and the thrust control valve are the components that are responsible for the pack's capacity to fly. At Bell Helicopter, Wendell Moore was responsible for most of the research that led to the development of the rocket packs that are now in use.

Because many chemical firms are no longer manufacturing it, acquiring concentrated hydrogen peroxide has proven to be one of the most challenging challenges for would-be manufacturers of rocket packs. This is one of the most significant roadblocks. Because the few firms that create high-concentration hydrogen peroxide only sell to major corporations or governments, several experts and amateurs are forced to build up their own distillation systems in order to produce their own hydrogen peroxide. Between the years 2004 and 2010, the Gothenburg, Sweden-based company Peroxide Propulsion manufactured high-concentration hydrogen peroxide for use in rocket belts, The most common kind of jet fuel, which is based on kerosene, is used to power packs that have turbojet engines. They have a larger efficiency, greater height, and a flying length of several minutes, but the manufacturing of them is more complicated and they are quite costly. Only one functional model of this pack was ever produced; it was put through flight testing in the 1960s, but it is no longer operational at this time. If a jet pack or rocket pack is equipped with wings similar to those of an airplane, the amount of time it can fly on a single tank of fuel is significantly increased.

1965 saw the completion of a new contract between Bell Aerosystems and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which included the creation of a jet pack powered by a turbojet engine. This undertaking was known as the Jet Flying Belt, or more often just as the Jet Belt. The development of a new turbojet pack was a collaborative effort between Wendell Moore and John K. Hulbert, an expert in gas turbines. In 1969, Williams Research Corporation in Walled Lake, Michigan, which is now known as Williams International, developed and constructed a brand new turbojet engine according to Bell's requirements.