Airless Tire: Reinventing the Wheel

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Airless Tire

Tires that do not rely on air pressure to remain inflated are referred to as airless tires, non-pneumatic tires (NPT), or flat-free tires. Some smaller vehicles, such as riding lawn mowers and powered golf carts, use them in their design. They are also used on heavy equipment like as backhoes, which are needed to work on sites such as building destruction, where there is a significant danger of tire punctures. Backhoes are one example of this kind of equipment. Wheelchairs and bicycles both have the option of having their tires constructed of a closed-cell polyurethane foam. They are also often found on wheelbarrows, which are typically employed for doing work in the yard or in construction.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Airless tire

Chapter 2: Wheel

Chapter 3: Tire

Chapter 4: Michelin

Chapter 5: Rubber-tyred metro

Chapter 6: Bridgestone

Chapter 7: Racing slick

Chapter 8: Tweel

Chapter 9: André Michelin

Chapter 10: BFGoodrich

Chapter 11: Siping (rubber)

Chapter 12: Rim (wheel)

Chapter 13: Run-flat tire

Chapter 14: Flat tire

Chapter 15: Tubeless tire

Chapter 16: Tire maintenance

Chapter 17: Bicycle tire

Chapter 18: Michelin PAX System

Chapter 19: Outline of tires

Chapter 20: JAX Tyres

Chapter 21: Inner tube

(II) Answering the public top questions about airless tire.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of airless tire in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of airless tire' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of airless tire.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Oct 25, 2022

Book preview

Copyright

Airless Tire Copyright © 2022 by Fouad Sabry. All Rights Reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.

Cover designed by Fouad Sabry.

This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

Bonus

You can send an email to [e-mail] with the subject line Airless Tire: Reinventing the wheel, and you will receive an email which contains the first few chapters of this book.

Fouad Sabry

Visit 1BK website at

www.1BKOfficial.org

Preface

Why did I write this book?

The story of writing this book started on 1989, when I was a student in the Secondary School of Advanced Students.

It is remarkably like the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Schools, which are now available in many advanced countries.

STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering, and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. This term is typically used to address an education policy or a curriculum choice in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.

There was a weekly class in the library, where each student is free to choose any book and read for 1 hour. The objective of the class is to encourage the students to read subjects other than the educational curriculum.

In the library, while I was looking at the books on the shelves, I noticed huge books, total of 5,000 pages in 5 parts. The books name is The Encyclopedia of Technology, which describes everything around us, from absolute zero to semiconductors, almost every technology, at that time, was explained with colorful illustrations and simple words. I started to read the encyclopedia, and of course, I was not able to finish it in the 1-hour weekly class.

So, I convinced my father to buy the encyclopedia. My father bought all the technology tools for me in the beginning of my life, the first computer and the first technology encyclopedia, and both have a great impact on myself and my career.

I have finished the entire encyclopedia in the same summer vacation of this year, and then I started to see how the universe works and to how to apply that knowledge to everyday problems.

My passion to the technology started mor than 30 years ago and still the journey goes on.

This book is part of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies which is my attempt to give the readers the same amazing experience I had when I was in high school, but instead of 20th century technologies, I am more interested in the 21st century emerging technologies, applications, and industry solutions.

The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies will consist of 365 books, each book will be focused on one single emerging technology. You can read the list of emerging technologies and their categorization by industry in the part of Coming Soon, at the end of the book.

365 books to give the readers the chance to increase their knowledge on one single emerging technology every day within the course of one year period.

Introduction

How did I write this book?

In every book of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies, I am trying to get instant, raw search insights, direct from the minds of the people, trying to answer their questions about the emerging technology.

There are 3 billion Google searches every day, and 20% of those have never been seen before. They are like a direct line to the people thoughts.

Sometimes that’s ‘How do I remove paper jam’. Other times, it is the wrenching fears and secret hankerings they would only ever dare share with Google.

In my pursuit to discover an untapped goldmine of content ideas about Airless Tire, I use many tools to listen into autocomplete data from search engines like Google, then quickly cranks out every useful phrase and question, the people are asking around the keyword Airless Tire.

It is a goldmine of people insight, I can use to create fresh, ultra-useful content, products, and services. The kind people, like you, really want.

People searches are the most important dataset ever collected on the human psyche. Therefore, this book is a live product, and constantly updated by more and more answers for new questions about Airless Tire, asked by people, just like you and me, wondering about this new emerging technology and would like to know more about it.

The approach for writing this book is to get a deeper level of understanding of how people search around Airless Tire, revealing questions and queries which I would not necessarily think off the top of my head, and answering these questions in super easy and digestible words, and to navigate the book around in a straightforward way.

So, when it comes to writing this book, I have ensured that it is as optimized and targeted as possible. This book purpose is helping the people to further understand and grow their knowledge about Airless Tire. I am trying to answer people’s questions as closely as possible and showing a lot more.

It is a fantastic, and beautiful way to explore questions and problems that the people have and answer them directly, and add insight, validation, and creativity to the content of the book – even pitches and proposals. The book uncovers rich, less crowded, and sometimes surprising areas of research demand I would not otherwise reach. There is no doubt that, it is expected to increase the knowledge of the potential readers’ minds, after reading the book using this approach.

I have applied a unique approach to make the content of this book always fresh. This approach depends on listening to the people minds, by using the search listening tools. This approach helped me to:

Meet the readers exactly where they are, so I can create relevant content that strikes a chord and drives more understanding to the topic.

Keep my finger firmly on the pulse, so I can get updates when people talk about this emerging technology in new ways, and monitor trends over time.

Uncover hidden treasures of questions need answers about the emerging technology to discover unexpected insights and hidden niches that boost the relevancy of the content and give it a winning edge.

The building block for writing this book include the following:

(1) I have stopped wasting the time on gutfeel and guesswork about the content wanted by the readers, filled the book content with what the people need and said goodbye to the endless content ideas based on speculations.

(2) I have made solid decisions, and taken fewer risks, to get front row seats to what people want to read and want to know — in real time — and use search data to make bold decisions, about which topics to include and which topics to exclude.

(3) I have streamlined my content production to identify content ideas without manually having to sift through individual opinions to save days and even weeks of time.

It is wonderful to help the people to increase their knowledge in a straightforward way by just answering their questions.

I think the approach of writing of this book is unique as it collates, and tracks the important questions being asked by the readers on search engines.

Acknowledgments

Writing a book is harder than I thought and more rewarding than I could have ever imagined. None of this would have been possible without the work completed by prestigious researchers, and I would like to acknowledge their efforts to increase the knowledge of the public about this emerging technology.

Dedication

To the enlightened, the ones who see things differently, and want the world to be better -- they are not fond of the status quo or the existing state. You can disagree with them too much, and you can argue with them even more, but you cannot ignore them, and you cannot underestimate them, because they always change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones or amateur, others see genius and innovators, because the ones who are enlightened enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do, and lead the people to the enlightenment.

Epigraph

Tires that do not rely on air pressure to remain inflated are referred to as airless tires, non-pneumatic tires (NPT), or flat-free tires. Some smaller vehicles, such as riding lawn mowers and powered golf carts, use them in their design. They are also used on heavy equipment like as backhoes, which are needed to work on sites such as building destruction, where there is a significant danger of tire punctures. Backhoes are one example of this kind of equipment. Wheelchairs and bicycles both have the option of having their tires constructed of a closed-cell polyurethane foam. They are also often found on wheelbarrows, which are typically employed for doing work in the yard or in construction.

Table of Contents

Copyright

Bonus

Preface

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Dedication

Epigraph

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Airless tire

Chapter 2: Wheel

Chapter 3: Tire

Chapter 4: Michelin

Chapter 5: Rubber-tyred metro

Chapter 6: Bridgestone

Chapter 7: Racing slick

Chapter 8: Tweel

Chapter 9: André Michelin

Chapter 10: BFGoodrich

Chapter 11: Siping (rubber)

Chapter 12: Rim (wheel)

Chapter 13: Run-flat tire

Chapter 14: Flat tire

Chapter 15: Tubeless tire

Chapter 16: Tire maintenance

Chapter 17: Bicycle tire

Chapter 18: Michelin PAX System

Chapter 19: Outline of tires

Chapter 20: JAX Tyres

Chapter 21: Inner tube

Epilogue

About the Author

Coming Soon

Appendices: Emerging Technologies in Each Industry

Chapter 1: Airless tire

Tires that do not rely on air pressure to remain inflated are referred to as airless tires, non-pneumatic tires (NPT), or flat-free tires. Some smaller vehicles, such as riding lawn mowers and powered golf carts, use them in their design. They are also used on heavy equipment like as backhoes, which are needed to work on sites such as building destruction, where there is a significant danger of tire punctures. Backhoes are one example of this kind of equipment. Wheelchairs and bicycles both have the option of having their tires constructed out of closed-cell polyurethane foam. They are also usually seen on wheelbarrows, which are typically utilized for doing work in the yard or in the construction industry.

The fact that airless tires cannot lose their air pressure is the primary benefit of using them. One further benefit is that airless tires need to be changed with new ones much less often, which translates to cost savings. When it comes to carrying greater weight and engaging in more strenuous activities, heavy equipment that is mounted with airless tires will be able to do both.

When compared to pneumatic tires of the same form and dimensions, airless tires often have a greater rolling resistance and give a degree of suspension that is considerably lower. Dissipating the heat that builds up inside the airless heavy equipment tires as a result of being driven is another issue that might arise with these tires. Instead of air, airless tires are often filled with compressed polymers (plastic), although they may also be a solid object that has been molded.

Because bicycle tires are far more prone to punctures than tires used on motor vehicles, bikers are drawn to the convenience offered by airless tires. The disadvantages of using airless tires are very context dependent. Operators of heavy equipment that operate machinery equipped with solid tires may experience operator fatigue. However, only anecdotal data shows that airless tires may cause damaged spokes on a bicycle wheel. Bicycle riders who use airless tires may remark that the tire is more difficult to ride than a similar pneumatic tire. Any airless tire will be heavier than the rubber tire it is supposed to replace. This is an inherent characteristic of the technology.

As of the year 2021, hard-core off-roaders have moved away from the use of airless tires since the cars they drive often need to travel long distances at highway speeds. They are unstable, which results in extreme vibrations (which causes discomfort for passengers), and as a result, there is a possibility that drivers may lose control of the car at speeds more than 50 miles per hour.

The application determines how the airless tires should be installed. In order to attach heavy machinery, specialized tools are required, however mounting an airless bicycle tire requires very little to no work at all. Solid airless lawnmower tires often come pre-installed on the wheel, allowing for a more streamlined assembly process.

These tires are used by many bicycle sharing programs to decrease the amount of maintenance needed.

The year 2005 marked the beginning of Michelin's work on the Tweel, an integrated tire and wheel combination that does not require the presence of air to function. The name Tweel is derived from the words tire and wheel, which, as the name Tweel suggests, are combined into one new, fused part. Michelin claims that their Tweel offers superior weight carrying, stress absorption, and handling capabilities compared to standard pneumatic tires. Through the NIST ATP project, the Clemson University Mechanical Engineering Department's Automotive Engineering Group is collaborating with Michelin to create a low energy loss airless tire.

A non-pneumatic tire is currently being developed by Resilient Technologies in collaboration with the Polymer Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. This tire is essentially a polymeric honeycomb that is being wrapped in a thick, dark tread. The first iteration of the tire is designed to fit the Humvee, and its release is