The noble Polish family Alant. Die adlige polnische Familie Alant.

By Werner Zurek

This is a hodgepodge of a disorderly, systematically arranged collection of Polish nobility. On these pages you will learn everything about: descent, nobility, aristocratic literature, aristocratic name endings, aristocratic association, genealogy, bibliography, books, family research, research, genealogy, history, heraldry, heraldry, herbalism, information, literature, names, aristocratic files, nobility, personal history, Poland, Szlachta, coat of arms, coat of arms research, coat of arms literature, nobility, knights, Poland, herbarz. Conglomeration, translations into: English, German, French.
Dies ist ein Sammelsurium einer ungeordneten, systematisch geordneten Sammlung des polnischen Adels. Auf diesen Seiten erfahren Sie alles über: Abstammung, Adel, Adelsliteratur, Adelsnamenendungen, Adelsverband, Genealogie, Bibliographie, Bücher, Familienforschung, Forschung, Genealogie, Geschichte, Heraldik, Heraldik, Kräuterkunde, Informationen , Literatur, Namen, Adelsakten, Adel, Personengeschichte, Polen, Szlachta, Wappen, Wappenforschung, Wappenliteratur, Adel, Ritter, Polen, Herbarz. Sammelsurium, Übersetzungen in: Englisch, Deutsch, Französisch.
Il s'agit d'un méli-mélo d'une collection désordonnée et systématiquement organisée de la noblesse polonaise. Sur ces pages, vous apprendrez tout sur : l'ascendance, la noblesse, la littérature aristocratique, les terminaisons de noms aristocratiques, l'association aristocratique, la généalogie, la bibliographie, les livres, la recherche familiale, la recherche, la généalogie, l'histoire, l'héraldique, l'heraldique, l'herboristerie, l'information, la littérature, les noms, dossiers aristocratiques, noblesse, histoire personnelle, Pologne, Szlachta, armoiries, recherche d'armoiries, littérature d'armoiries, noblesse, chevaliers, Pologne, herbarz. Conglomération, traductions en : anglais, allemand, français.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Books on Demand
• Release date: Dec 12, 2022
• ISBN: 9783756890774

Werner Zurek

The Zurek family comes from an old noble Polish family Werner Zurek was born on March 13, 1952 in Voelklingen in the Saarland as the son of the employee Heinz Kurt Zurek and his wife Maria, née Kußler. At the age of 6 he attended the Catholic elementary school Voelklingen - Geislautern and finished secondary school in Geislautern in 1968 From 1968 to 1970 he began training as a machine fitter. From 1970 to 1972 he completed an apprenticeship at Roechling - Völklingen as a rolling mill (metallurgical skilled worker). From 1972 to 1974 he was a two-year soldier with the German Federal Armed Forces in Daun, where he was trained as a radio operator in electronic combat reconnaissance. He finished his service as a sergeant. As a reservist, he was promoted to sergeant-major. Acquisition of secondary school leaving certificate at ILS From 1975 he was a civil servant candidate in the Ministry of Finance (Federal Customs Administration). After passing the final examination, he served as a border inspection officer according to the Federal Border Guard Act and as a customs officer in customs and tax matters and was therefore also an assistant to the public prosecutor In 1975 he married his wife Ulrike, née Daub. In 1982 his daughter Sandra was born. In 2014 he retired. Awards: Air defense training at the technical aid organization Rifle line of the Federal Armed Forces Training at the German Red Cross State Explosives Permit Basic certificate from the German Lifesaving Society European police sport badge at the Federal Customs Administration. Also valid for the European Community. Admission to the Royal Brotherhood of Saint Teotonius. Protector is the heir to the throne of Portugal, HRH the Duke of Braganza. Bundeswehr veteran badge. Aid organization sponsor: Bringing Hope to the Community Uganda (BHCU) Member of the Brotherhood of Blessed Gérard

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The noble Polish family Alant. Die adlige polnische Familie Alant.

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Office oft he President District Commissioner

Office oft he President District Commissioner - 1

Biuro Prezydenta Komisarza Okręgowego

Biuro Prezydenta Komisarza Okręgowego - 1

Impressum

The noble Polish family Alant.

Die adlige polnische Familie Alant.

Alant (Alantse) - Polish coat of arms.

On the two-part shield in a stripe in the lower blue (azure) field, three silver bullhead fish are pointing to the left, two above one, the upper field is golden. Yes, according to the organ brand's Universal Encyclopedia with Illustrations and Maps. According to Ryszard Jurzak, there is only one fish that points to the right. Helmet over the shield.

History of the coat of arms The nobility with the coat of arms was received by Emperor Charles V in 1530 by Mikołaj Alantse. The original version looked like Yurzak's. The main fish is Alant in German. King Zygmunt August confirmed the coat of arms and the nobility in 1569.

Herbowni

Alantse.

The crest. A white rose with five leaves, in a red field there should be a rose above the helmet and the crown; that's how they describe him, Paproc. in the fol. 58. and 1171. For the coat of arms. fol. 355. and fol. 672. Approx.volume. 2. fol. 634. Miechov. lib. 2. cap. 8. Jewels fol. 75. Biel. fol. 52. Everyone agrees that this coat of arms from the Czech Republic came to Poland with Poraj, Ś's brother. Wojciech, the bishop and martyr, as this Dąbrowka and other Czech lords after Mieczysław [p. 389], after leading the Polish monarch away and liking these lands, he settled here and left worthy descendants. It is difficult to guess the first origins of this coat of arms, from where, when and to whom. It is certain that this coat of arms, ie a rose with five leaves, was already in use during paganism and long before the birth of Christ; as Paprocki attests on the coat of arms from the book Inscriptionum sacrosanctae vetustatis by Rajmundum Fuggerum, Caroli V. and Ferdinandi Imperatoris, Consiliarium, from which this author wrote thirteen tombstones in various places with this ornate coat of arms; For the sake of brevity and the reader's curiosity, I leave them here, I am referring to Paprocki. Bzovius in Notis ad vitam S. Adalberti, scriptam a S. Sylvestro II. Pontifice, that's what he says about this house: Rosinorum touches est Romana, originem refert ad tempora conditae Urbi proxima. Splendorem nobilitatemque etiam Augusti Caesaris propinquitate et cognatione fulcit; Europam full implant. Ex illa sunt clarissimi intra Alpes, Bracchiani, Gravinae, Venosae, S. Zwillinge, Amalphitani, Asculani, Silicis Duces. Tarentini, Salernitani, Plumbini, Scandrigliani Principes. Tripaldae, Pallae aureae, Stimiliani, Lamentanae, Compagnanae, Roccantiquae, Montis Sansovitini by Marchion. Pilitiani, Soanae, Nolae, Talacozii, Albani, Anguillariae, Montis rotundi, Monapelii, Licii, Sarnii, Aemiliae and Aliarum as well as Quam Quadraginta Dynastiarum Palatini Comites. Extra Alpes vero, in Galliis Marchiones Trinelli et alii quatuor traduces. In Arragoniae Regno Ursini Valentini; in Illyrico. Comites Blangarii, in Germania Proceres Clivenses, Comites Ascaniae and Balenstadii, Dynastae Bernburgici and Lovenburgici, Marchiona Saliquallenses, Principes Anhaltini, Duces Angriae and [S. 390] Vestphaliae, Marchiones Brandeburgenses, and Saxoniae aliquando Electores. In Comitatu Tyrolensi Domini a Felsio, in Regno BohemiaeComites Rozembergii, Rozyciis Polonis conjuncti. Postage 42. Episcopales, 6. Metropolitanie sedes, Atavorum memoria, in ditione Ursinorum fuere. Ex ea familia Ursina fuere Praefecti Urbis Romae 4. Consulates multo plures. Senatores 42. (62. Juxta Joannem Ferrariensem, orat. Funeb.) Regni uwiusque Siciliae, Aliquot Semptemviros, Imperii Mareschalcos, Vexilliferos, Gubernatores Urbium and Provinciarum, Plurimos, exercise in bellis pro Ecclesiaos, Deanis Torisia, Crisiseller S. Michaelis, S. Spiritus Ordinum plures, Templariorum and Teutonicorum Religionis Magistros Supremos, Duos, Praelatos, Abbates, Episcopos, innumeros prope. Patriarchas, Hierosolymitanum et Antiochenum, Cardinales supra 20. (next to Ferrariensem 34.) Pontifices Maximos indubitate 4. alii septem numerant, ex quibus S. Stephanus 1mus martyr, et Caelestinus tertius, Paulus 1mus, Nicolaus tertius. His Accenset Baronius et al., S. Ursinum Apostolorum discipulum, Bituricensem Episcopum and Galliae Apostolum: alii addunt SS. Joannem et Paulum MM: S. Volusianum Turonensem Episcopum, Ursinum Presbyterum, Berardum Aprutinum Episcopum, Benedictum Patremidental Ejusasticorum,, B. Joannem Raynerum Cluniacensem Romae Caenobinales, Matthaeine etedum Latin; Bzovius pans; a Załuski Jędrzej, Mowy inne fol. 52. mentions Jan Ursyn, Chancellor in the Kingdom of France. As for the Popes, from the description of St. Malachi, that were; Rosa Compositi, this is Nicholas III. from the Ursyn family, dictus Compositus. The second, Rosa Leonina, is Honorius IV. From the Sabell family in 1284, who has a rose in the coat of arms held by the lions in their paws. Bussier. Flos. Third De Vico Roseo, that is Clement VI. in 1342. Patria Lemovicensa, Spondan. num. 2 . that there was a rose of heraldry testifies. History and roman. The pontificum for the coat of arms marks it with three roses above, three below and a knight belt between them from the right side of the shield. Petrasancta de Tesser. Cover. 60. fol. 494. not only this Clement VI. but also Gregory XI. Popes are drawn to the Munstria or Rosei vici family, from whom the family flourished in France and from which Gregory XI. he sat in this capital from 1370. In England, two royal families had a rose with five leaves in their coat of arms, writes Horn. Bullet. Half. fol. 103. of which [p. 391] Eboracensis a white rose, Lancastrensis red, from where both white and red roses entered the coat of arms of the Kingdom of England.

Paprocki says that Sławnik, Sławnika's younger father and grandfather Ś. Adalbert, bishop and martyr to grant roses in him rbie was the beginning: an old novel and the pen of Czech writers agreed that all Czech gentlemen who honored themselves with roses in their coat of arms came from one of their ancestors: one Father, five sons, who were thus divided the roses in the coat of arms, which she got for the firstborn gold; white and blue for the second and third son; red to the youngest, black to the fifth poorly born. Which Balbinus agreeably agrees with because he doesn't allow this Sławnik to do it unless no author older than Paprocki mentions it, and yes, some of them, the same Witigon, who not soon after the Sławnik attribute lived. He asks Balbinus Paprocki; that he does not agree with himself; ho first at the beginning of the book of his fol. 9. (According to reports, Speculi Moraviae claims that the Counts of Libicz and the Czech Republic went to these countries, and with them they brought the coat of arms of a red rose in a white field; and below, where he writes about the Rozynów family, he says, that the Sławnik Count Libicki, He wore a white rose on a red field: In Speculo Moraviae says the same that the Landsteins in the gold field, the blue rose and the Slavic father of St. Adalbert the White or later were allowed in Diadocho corrected Paprocki his mistake and says: With the holy Wojciech from three roses he took red on a white field: and Balbinus had it with certainty that the Landsteiners wore a white rose on a red field until 1100 were not mentioned, only the Witigons, and then until 1260. The Witków, so that the Romans Ursin, the Romans from the Saxon land of the Czechs, were the neighbors, had their origin under the leadership of Erne stus Brotuffius, he comes from the Berin family ger or from the hereditary lords Behern, Askanji and Ballenstadu, and at that time already the Dukes of Anhalt, who used roses and bears in their coat of arms, so the Germans called them Beringer or Behren. From this family came a Nider Behr named around 631, irritated about the injustice that the French had committed in Saxony, and helped Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, in the war against Dagobert and Clodovius, for whom he accepted merits [p. 392] Iodine of the Emperor Ursini Principatum. And from his sons Aribon, that is, Aribertus, who was sent by the emperor against the French, Saxons and Wendia after defending him when his cousins ​​descended childless, Askania, and with his offspring he took it as an inheritance. Witek took over from his successors Ursyn Witigo or von Słowiański, after he had entered with the army, the part of the province that lies between the Czech kingdom and the Bavarian lands; Eventually the Czech prince, who was beaten by waves, surrendered to him, and he was inherited from his state and belonged to the Czech nobility. Therefore, some people rightly understand that the Bohemian Rosembergi family took over the Anhalt Prince through their procedure and not from Germany for Prince Bolesław, but came to the Czech Republic long before that. I understand, says the same author, Epitome Rerum Bohem. lib. 2. that all rosins, both red and white, gold, blue or one of our rose colors in the coat of arms, use one or more; that they came from one source, namely the Slavic nation of that nation and the province from which the Saxons and Misnensky had driven the Slovaks, they settled themselves; and the Slovaks moved to the Czech Republic, and happily some of them moved from the Roman Ursyns with their line and course of action because the Ursyns themselves left the Slavic nation, so Dresser, Brotufftusz, Crollis and others are of the same blood those. Such a difference in the coats of arms is not evidence of the diversity of Rozynów houses and families, but only of the trunks of the same tree, that is, that several sons or brothers, to distinguish themselves from each other, took one , or two, depending on their taste. , already three, already white, already red, etc. Roses in the coat of arms: what is openly shown on the vault of the Krumlov Church under the title Greetings. where four brothers von Rozemberg, Piotr, Jan, Jodok and Henryk, hung their coats of arms, but none looks like the other, only one in one, two in the other, three in the third, including a different arrangement of roses, in the second is different .

In the Czech Republic it was once the famous family of these Rozembergs, because Zawisza Rosemberg had Elżbieta, the daughter of the Bulgarian king Rolisław, behind him, and after this death he took Zytka, the sister of Ladislaus the Czech king, around 1280. Piotr Śmiały, named after him, who died in 134E6. he took the princess of Cieszyn, widow of Wacław, the Czech king, for Tona Elżbieta. Jan married Anna Henryk from the Duke of Głogowski, daughter, around 1460. [p. 393] to Hubnert in Geneal. where this author writes tab. 639 . that this house in Carinthia is still blooming; In 1258 Nicholas was the Bishop of Prague, a shepherd of great kindness and generosity anomalies. Wokon Altowandeński founded the Cistercian Order. Balbinus Epito. Rer. Bohem. lib. 3. cap. 15. Piotr de Rozemberg, who had given himself the cardinal hat from the Pope, despised in 1384 with a wonderful heart. Pontiff. Roman. fol. 988. Jodocus Rosemberg Bonon Czech 1456. Bishop of Breslau in Silesia. Nicol. Henelius Silesiog. fol. 63.Bzovius in Annal. Volume. 17. One of them, born as the daughter of the daughter of Henryk, the Duke of Silesia, from the Piast line of the family, flourished in 1488. Cureus fol. 338. Wilhelm Ursinus a Rosemberg, governor of Domus Rosembergicae. Eques velleris aurei, intimus Caesareus Consiliarius and governor of Supremus Regni Bohemiae or Prorex, founder of our college in Krumlov, Czech Republic, were sent to Poland by Emperor Maksymilian to be elected to Sejm in 1573. Biel. fol. In 675 and 1576, when one of the Polish gentlemen told Maximilian who forced him to the Polish crown, we would rather see you on the Polish throne than on the emperor. White. fol. 726 and again in 1589, the first between the commissioners for the peace treaties, between the Austrian house and the Polish crown, he died in 1592. Bucholcer, Argentus de rebus Societ. fol. 258. He previously sent from the King of Bohemia to Casimir III. King of Poland, Wilhelm Rozemberg with Jodok, the Bishop of Wroclaw, in the case of Konrad, Prince of Oleśnicki and Małgorzata, his wife. Those who want to learn more about this house should read Balbina Epitome loco cit. Where he counts a long catalog of men who are worthy of this family and whose seat balls can be seen every day in the Altovanni Church, he writes in detail about the wealth and foundations of various monasteries. The last of this house in Bohemia, Piotr Wok Ursinus, was descended from this world and Rosemberg in 1608. Primarius Bohemorum Dynasta, as attested by MS. o Famil. Prussia. where he adds that Marcin Rosemberg Estkowna was behind him and Barbara from Rosenberg was behind Faliszowski. Her coat of arms also describes her. The shield is broadly divided, on the underside three roses in a white field, one straight in the middle, two on the sides, all converge at the bottom below, leave two n medium, one on the side, three moons in the blue field in the top row next to each other, not full, with the horns turned straight up, on the helmet without a crown three red roses with six leaves. And P. 394] Petrasancta cap. 60. It marks the blue rose in the coat of arms of the Roman Ursyn and Rozenberg.

Ursynów, Ciaconius in Vitis Pontificum et al. Cardinalium S. Rome. Eccl. They put a rose with five leaves in their coat of arms, but on the underside of their coat of arms there are knightly stripes, i.e. the rivers there had 23 cardinals from this family until 1623, whose names Jordanus, Petrus, Bobo, Hyacinth, Joannes, Caretorius, Matthäus , Rubeus, Jordanus, Neapoleo "Franziskus Neapoleonis, Joannes Cajetanus, Matthäus, Sajnaldus, Jacobus Poncellus Thomas, Rajmundellus, Jordanus, Latinus, Cosmus, Francusus Baptusista What was said above by Balbina, that from the princes of Askanji the Roman Ursyns went, confirms the same Carion lib. 4to Chron. only that he names Aribert, Albertus Ursus, Comes Ascaniae, Ottonis Comitis Ascaniae in Ballenstet filius, and it is practical that it is in Germania Conditor, priorum Saxoniae Ducum, Marchioniem Brandeburgensium veterum and Principum Anhaltinorum Trium amplissimarum familiarum existed, they differ, or at least one, the other two, others put three roses on the shield After all, stam All of these would have to be from one tribe, but to know, or for what more important work these varieties were made, or o Also according to the taste of the earlier ancestors of this house and Paprocki and Balbinus, they claim that in Bohemia the old Rozyn family never came before Wilhelm de Rosis Belt or rivers or a bear on their shields, but only a red rose in the white field: only then did the various shapes appear. Hence some strongly argue that St. Wojciech sealed himself with only one red rose, others want the three that can be seen in the Doliwa coat of arms; jakoż Balbinus a witness that the Brecinów Monastery of St. Benedict not far from Prague, financed by S. Wojciech, has three red roses in the coat of arms and the Sleiniciorum family, and probably not from Sławnik (who was mentioned above), he folds a white one Rose, two red roses on the shield. The writer of the life of Hieronim Rozrażewski, Bishop of Kujawski, saw in the same monastery in Brecin the profession of S. Wojciech, his hair shirt and coat of arms, three roses written on paper, expressed in parchment: it is useful that the Canonici Regulares in Trzemeszno by this law are defined that if ever the pastor of that place (then abbot) should be a plebeian, then no 395] he should use a different coat of arms, only three roles, or Doliwa, that is, who and Ś. Wojciech took it. I add this part further y is the rose coat of arms that Poraj, the brother of Ś, brought to Poland Wojciech, that is, through whom Ursyn came from Bohemia, as much as Balbin and others spoke, and the Ursyns left from there .

Ancestors of this house.

The first to visit these northern countries with the coat of arms of Róża was Ursinus and Hector with Publius Palemon and Prospore Caesarin Column, as Marcin testifies. Bielski lib. 2. Stryjkowski fol. 72. l. 3. He was so happy. Part. 1. Hist. Litv. be it because they could not endure the tyrannical rule of Nero the emperor, or later for some other reason. His descendants stayed in Lithuania, of which Grauzius Ursinus from the coat of arms of Róża was the hetman of the Lithuanian army in 1217, as Kojalov wishes. Graziski, he called. His son Dovojna. Stryjkowski fol. 268. and Biel. fol. 154. Ejxius Ursinus, a descendant of the first line of Ursins, hetman of the Lithuanian army, whose bravery of Nowogrodzka and Podlasie land, Erdziwił Prince Żmudzki, possessed most: Stryjkow. l. 6. c. 10. Kojał. S. 1. lib. 3. He took from him the land that was named after his name Ejdziszki and kept that name for today. His son Moniwid, from whom the offspring were raised. Uncle. Koyalov.

Jordanus Ursinus, a Roman nobleman, the first bishop of Poznan, according to Długosz in Mtis Episc. Posnan. and his story: some put him in the Jordanian family and put out the arms of the trumpets; but wrongly: because if it was a house after Długosz, nee Ursyn, then it belonged to the coat of arms of Róża; Which name Jordan was common among Ursyns, which can be seen from the fact that several cardinals of Ursyns had this name, as it was said a little higher: and that the Jordan family did not exist at this age. He was a shepherd who was kind to everyone. He worked hard to win souls to God. Pope Stefan VII. Rather John the Pope: (because Stephen VII the Pope sat in this capital earlier, ie until 931 AD) sent this sword of St. Peter the Apostle, whose ear Malchus had been cut off, went to Posen in 1001 to pay for his works or, if others want, buried in Brandeburgia. Damalewicz in Vitis Archiep. Blessings. about Archbishop Hippolytus von Gniezno, who was the cathedral [p. 396] ceased to rule, and after saying goodbye to the world in 1027 he said he was born Ursinus, a Roman, and Jordan of this bishop of Poznan was close to blood because his coat of arms was imitated in another form . as I said under the letter K and with the coat of arms of the cross.

Lambert, the third bishop of Krakow in the series, that he was a Roman nobleman (and nothing more certain that he was born in the Ursyn family and sealed himself with a rose, as we usually see in the coat of arms of Poraja, Starow attests, in Vitis Episc. Cracov, Fol. 6. He came here to Poland with Prokulf, the bishop of Krakow, where he had learned the Polish language for ten years and shone with great piety through examples. After Prokulf's death, he agreed that he should have an orphaned after him chair in the 996th the remnant of idolatry, he uprooted from his diocese, contributed to the charity of the poor and the jewelry of his church at that after his death in 1014 almost nothing he in his Treasury buried in his church in Cracow, and as learned and eloquent as he was, Bolesław the Brave sent him on New Year's Eve II For him, however, this embassy of the ego did not come into effect at that time, it was Starowolski, but Długosz composed his embassy for the year 977 and he said that he was not performing this function from Bolesław but from Mieczysław the prince.

Poraj, the brother of Ś. Wojciech and others. Her father Sławnik, Count in Libicz, who later came to the Czech kings after killing the brothers and sons of this Sławnik in Bohemia, as Krzysztof Lobkowicz said: Baro Czeski, and now they are called Mielnik, there is a walled city, a church with adorned towers. This Sławnik was born by the sister of Heinrich I Auceps as the son of the so-called Roman Emperor (he was the father of Emperor Otto I, grandfather Otto II), hence Otto II of St. Wojciech, as he was particularly kind to his blood. Balbinus. He had Strzeżysława behind him, the daughter of the Czech prince Bolesław I. Wacław was killed: from him the Ś shop. Wojciech and Radzyn or Gaudentius fathered five sons: Sobiebor, Spitimier, Bohusław or, according to Dubrawiusz Przybysław, Czesław and Poraj, this writes Cosmas Porejem, Pulkawa and Dubravius ​​Borzyta, and they say that all of them descended from idolaters became idolaters out of hatred of the Christian Faith beaten in 995 so that they would not doubt that they must be tortured; Paprocki for the coat of arms. f. 356. [p. 397] Back then. in the life of St. Bogumiła fol. 3. five slain brothers with the following names: Sobor, Spicimierz, Sobrosław or Sobesław, Zymiss and Czesław; c that the authors like Japo and Miechowita. 2. cap. 8. Parisius, claim that this Poraj settled long before that year with Dąbrówka, the sister of his mother Strze theysław, and the wife of the Polish monarch Mieczysław, who had come to Poland in extensive estates from the same Mieczysław, and raised his offspring who still bears his coat of arms today is called Poraj after his name. Bielski fol. 52. Balbinus. The same Poraj traveled with Bolesław, the Polish prince, to the coronation of Otto III. To Italy. The emperor is named after the life of S. Adalbert from Silvester II. Pope wrote what must have been before the year 1003. His father's dictionary, the governor of most of the Czech land, died in 981. Balbinus c. 12. lib. 2. Bpito. Rer. Page. if he has been saying this for many years, on the day of St. Wojciech, from the grave of this Sławnik, the pink scent seemed to be felt by many people from there.

S. Wojciech, bishop and martyr, son of Sławnik and Strzeżysław. When the parents saw the youth, the court of other beautiful sons, they thought to apply it to the world, but God confused their thoughts for them because the child suddenly fell into a serious and dangerous illness in which he saw no hope, sad Parents, God for his ministry, whom they married when he came to his first health: as if brought to church, as they laid on the altar of Our Lady and renewed their vows for him, Adalbert came to himself, almost half-dead ; What miracle did God show that he had made him his servant? The child was given by its parents to the priests and to the servant who had guarded it from childhood; but when the servant fled the boy because of his bastard, Adalbert, the saint, who longed for him, ran to his father too; His father accepted him ungratefully, and as a runaway he struck him with sticks and gave him back to school, and God opened Wojciech's mind and immediately increased his watchfulness with his study; During this time he learned the whole Psalter perfectly. When his parents saw the funny child, they gave him to the archbishop, whose name was Albertus, for upbringing, where he was so grateful that he gave him his name at confirmation: and therefore he had two names, from the baptism Wojciech, from the confirmation of Adalbertus. After studying for nine years, he became a learned man in every science, having few equal companions in this regard. And after completing his studies he returned to his father's house, where his youth and abundant blood had seduced him: for when he had sworn by schoolwork, and [p. 398] he allowed himself to be inactive, he followed the world and its vanities; To mention God a little, to taste us little pleasure, to use equatorial festivals and other flattery, and he began to accept the delusion of this world. In such a state it was not long unjust, love lasted. The Lord God rebuked him with the death of the first Prague bishop, Drytmar, to whom he had been, who wept terribly as he died, that the black devils dragged him to hell, that a large nail drove him into his heart, that he overran the bond of his life and the ways of God that he first went, contemplating steadfastly and living without, restricted his customs and placed them in the club of godliness. Soon after, when his blood and a noble scholar and a man full of virtues went to the diocese of Prague, the Czechs decided to go to Dritmar, whereupon the clergy who were chasing the devil of the human body and so screaming heard: woe to me, I cannot Stay here more because a bishop is being elected today, a servant of Christ that I must fear. What Williko, a wise and divine priest, heard, said to the abbot in Kassyn, Italy. After his election he was ordained to Archbishop Maincki and to Emperor Otto II. He was consecrated to the Episcopal Eminence. When he returned to the episcopate, he divided the church income into four parts: one for priests and his clergy; the other for the poor; the third for the improvement of the churches and the redemption of slaves: the fourth for their food. He lived a holy life, despised riches, had gold for mud and joys that led to hell. he landed on the floor. It was one of his wishes and efforts that while he was thinking of Christ, he should not like anything else and seek nothing else; dense and great fasting troubled his limbs; and prayer was his daily bread in which he constantly humbled himself for his and human sins. He humbled God with a contrite heart and tried with all his might to uproot his evil passions, desires and temptations, both worldly and carnal, from his heart. He also knew about satanic pursuits, and he knew how to make war with him, and took advantage of the saints from his temptations, giving him as many cheeks as many times, or overcoming his open instincts, or knowing how one takes wisdom in secret. He hid from worldly thoughts and rose in the wings of devotional meditation. and as he had taught, so he lived that no one could tell him, Friend, heal yourself first; he was only unhappy because, with great vigilance, he did little around his sheep to help them; because he got into a bad and spoiled role. People who were not punished in great luxury and sexual immorality took many women and should [p. 399] in order to stain the blood of the Christian slave and his children, they dared to sell to the Jews. Rape at Christmas, not to hide the fast, not to listen to anyone, these were their customs. The clergy and clergy were also contaminated first, they were open and shameless to marry, they swept away ecclesiastical discipline, they did not weigh the bishop at all, and the lay people and the more powerful lords woke up against him. He healed their ulcers through admonition, punishment, for example: but as madmen they peeled off such harmful wounds, wrapped and expensive ointments: there was enough work and nothing was good: the admonition was tight, but the opposition was greater. What was St. Bishop? He brought his nets out of the lake that had not caught him and began to think of himself, fearing that he would not drown with the evil fish and deep water. And he decided to make a pilgrimage to God's tomb in Jerusalem to first visit the apostolic abode of the holy city of Rome. The empress wife of Otto II (who, with his reign which was not good and with little hope of salvation, was already living badly and harming Christianity, died when she found out about his path and gave great alms for the soul of her husband, and she gave him much silver, which he distributed to the poor the next day, in poverty he made a pilgrimage to Rome, and when Sr. Benedict of Cassynum visited this famous place, he confided his thoughts to these fathers as to why he had left his episcopate and wherever he went and they began to revive him in this way, saying: Stand in the place and live well and the fruit of the sacred virtues and gather treasures for yourself, so as not to live in Jerusalem, as Sr. Jerome says, but to To be good in Jerusalem is glorious, he let himself be swiftly grasped by the perfection of the Christian life and still be a disciple of Christ's philosophy, and there he had the perfect virtues of the master Nilus the Greczyna, he fell at his feet and submitted to his obedience. Nilus did not refuse him, but he advised him: I am Greek, I can help less because I am unable to speak the language, to Rome, to go to Latin and to tell Abbot Leo that I am you as the new soldier of Christ sent for him. St. Wojciech, in Rome, in St. Bonifacius, clad in his monastic robe and under the obedience of the elder, endeavored to love the divine in his life; He served every little one, the more willing and despised he was instructed: self-contempt and through diligent teaching of humility he made himself perfect as a little boy in the summer, perfect among the little brothers, the kitchen, the wash bowls and vessels. Carrying water, all domestic workers [p. 400] to the older claims. He informed the elder of every thought and devotion to his heart. And in doing so, the difficulties of St. He inquired about the ways and nature of virtues and vices, and listened to conversations and teachings. And so on. And as he went on, he established within himself a warp of humility, upon which he happily laid other virtues, and became God's home and edification. The better he served in prayer, reading, and piety, the more time he was free from the world. He found: Nobody heard his murmur from his lips; and when the elder knocked, he showed patience and little humility. Every obedience to the small and the great was joyfully fulfilled; for this is the first virtue of people who go up to heaven. During his five years there he loved everyone with gratitude for all his morals and passed many of them down to perfection in virtue. Layman who was cast down by jealousy, had an unfavorable eye on him, he knew how to humbly plead for him immediately and seize him. So from virtue to virtue it became a beautiful dwelling and the church of Christ. In the process, the Czechs and Prague without their bishop sent two to pick him up: Pappat, a Christian, an eloquent monk, who received a letter from Archbishop Moguncki and went to the Pope and asked: His bishop would send them the care of the sheep, any improvement of the people and the promise to obey their Shepherd. But the Pope liked this pearl, and he does not want Rome to be impoverished by it: for the sake of human salvation Wojciech was ordered to return to the diocese, and he and his abbot ordered him to do so. After breaking his will with obedience, he returned with the messengers. But when he entered a city in Bohemia, he saw and they bribed them on a holy day, and he began to worry and said: Did you promise such an improvement? therefore, the good Shepherd was amused by the hungry people to raise him, and he did not regret any work, and indeed it was of little help to do more than before. He endured and suffered, admonished, punished, never stopped: until he doubted such a thing, she told him to correct her. A good white-headed woman with the bloody sin of a woman sinned, denied her husband's faith and fell openly into sin, when her husband found out about her, he seized her throat. wanted, and she fled to the church; Wojciech ... did not order her to hand her over for ecclesiastical privileges because she turned to the altar and holy penance, which she would only be free from the death and sudden wrath of her husband, but he who consented to others, and after gathering many mighty men, they opened the church with power, breaking the law and the majesty of the church, and being them took the woman, tore her up. Obru sewed this thing very much of St. Adalbert and when he gets bigger every day [p. 401] they have contributed sins and they have not regretted the old ones, he thought to take them away a second time , and said yes his faithful companion Pappat: that you have to go with me so that you don't see me again. And he went to Hungary, where a certain way was opened for him to inoculate his Christian faith. For the Hungarian prince Gejssa and his wife, who favored the holy faith, both showed his son Stefan for baptism, or as the latter he offered Wojciech 9 and wrote to confirm. There he had a little knowledge of God for a year and lived on with them after placing in their pagan hearts and telling them Christ when he had not yet seen the weather until the faith was fully established there, he returned he returned to Rome, to his monastery, to the Benedictines. Only in these pleasant parts of godliness and the sacred conversations and examples of perfect virtues in Greek and Latin persons did he become cold, almost there found his soul and earthly paradise. He was endowed with divine miracles throughout his life. Carrying wine once in an earthenware vessel for fraternal service. He stumbled and fell, they all heard that the pot was broken, but when they saw it, it was whole and intact, and they saw the miracle of God. A man's daughter was healed from the eyes of a sick person by laying his hand down. The second of the disease could not eat bread, Wojciech e. Missing bread when he handed it to him soon lost bread for bread, she returned to the sick person. Asterisius, his clergyman, wanted to go through with anger and scolding, but since he had left he was lost on the way that he had to return to S. Wojciech. In mercy he was unbridled from heart to human misery; With alms and with everything he could, he would not leave anyone. As a poor widow when he was somewhere out of town, she called to him and asked for her dress. he said, and tomorrow you will come, I am not here with me, and after she had thought about it, she ordered her to call her and say: and who will live until tomorrow: let me do her good today so that I can judge may God, and she would take no harm and undressing, he gave her: showing an example that we shouldn't live with good deeds because we don't know what will happen tomorrow. When Otto became the third emperor of Rome Crowned by the Pope, the former Archbishop Maincki wrote again to the Pope to banish Bishop S. Adalbert of Rome to the sheep. He spoke long, doubting the usefulness of his sheep and feared his distraction. But he hoped that the crown of the martyr would bring him and for the same reason he liked to return: In Turon by S. Martin, in Paris by St. Dionisius of the Areopagite, in Floriak and elsewhere wherever he knew which saint I could go do enough, he attended de all courageous: when he was with the emperor for a few days he was such a grateful man that he ordered him to sleep in his room. When he saw the time, his courtiers did not give up his admonition so that they would not love each other in the world and lose their eternal joy with too little comfort. As he got closer to Bohemia, he did not want to go directly to his diocese, but went to Poland to the Polish prince Bolesław the Brave, who first adorned the Polish royal crown, which had known him before and loved him very much. He is received with great awe by Bolesław as the husband of St. and from there he sent his envoys to Prague and Bohemia to be known as his bishop and pastor and to receive and correct himself. And they, because they were in a war, four brothers who were born in St. They killed Adalbert, fearful that he would not avenge the blood of his brothers, and lay in bad manners and ancient sins, advising him that he should not appear to them, that under no circumstances should they see him or have him as a shepherd who had wanted them several times, and they did not remember the reasons why he did so. From this answer came the cheerful St. Wojciech that God himself had untied the knot. Only then did he write to Archbishop Moguncki, and he gave him the matter, as it was in vain for those stubborn and unpunished people who in the end knew him as a shepherd and unwillingly accepted him: as the capital, after Robert the First Archbishop, was orphaned . There, in this as the capital, as the supreme shepherd of all of Poland. Poland new Christians in the Faith of St. strengthened, shown them the way of salvation and made their Father in God a patron saint here on earth and in heaven; what and in this song, the Mother of God, he taught. When he later heard that there were tough heathens and powerful people in Prussia who inflicted great and difficult wars on the Polish kings, human salvation and the glory of Christ multiplied and wished: Boleslaus asked to be sent to Prussia with water to convert paganism into the faith of Christ. But he was deeply sorry for his country, so let go of a treasure that was so dear: but looked so magnificent and hardworking. A servant sent him with water, and he dressed the barracks well. Two companions were taken by priests Wojciech Ś. Gaudentius and the other on this path are already walking with this thought, so that they may convert the Gentiles, that he may be courageous and long for death for Christ. Wojciech Ś. with companions of one of the islands that the Vistula makes in Prussia, and pray there, if he has a lucky entry, on [p. 403] The Prussians asked for the service of the Lord, some of them saw them, and after quietly going to them, they saw strangers, invisible, in monastic clothing, but like sheep that were humble, and thought they were taking them . Then one of them was the worst and went quietly to St. Adalbert, who then, as he spoke the Psalter, was showing God his way, cruelly struck him with an oar between the shoulder blades from behind. He fell to the floor of St. Wojciech and they shouted: What are you doing here? Run away, we will kill you and torment you quickly. And S. Wojciech, who suffered great pain, thanked God in his heart and said: I would not get better on this earth, and I will stop from this great gift of this wound and suffering for my crucified Lord Jesus. He did not want to leave the Prussian country, but he went to a city that had a congress of people that was ideal for a rescue. The wild men surrounded them and asked: What do you want? and Ś. Wojciech said: We come from Poland and bring you salvation. I am a servant of the living God who created heaven and earth and all that is in them. Know the Lord, one God, and you will save your souls from hell and diabolical power: believe in Jesus, whom He redeemed the world, and be baptized to forgive your sins. These and other gospel words from S. as they went through villages and towns and spread: The Prussians laughed and they refused to listen, ordered them to leave the country and ordered them to lose their necks and their possessions, so that no, they would be brought to the inn. They went out of the city with scorn, went into the field, thought and told St. Wojciech to be disgusted with our clothes, to change our monastic robes and take our spiritual ones: let's grow beards and then go to Lithuania and then come back with more luck: Here we make bread, some peasants sigh that I will help them with their salvation, that we will also find a martyr's crown. And towards Lithuania. After serving mass in the field and eating some bread, they set off. and when it was time to rest in the night, they lay down in the field and slept, and praised the Lord God for their way and their health; and when they were doing a sacred service in the field the next morning, the Prussians, prompted by their high priest, whom Krywe had called, regretted that they had safely let go of S. Adalbert and, when they pursued him, found a town called Roma in near the service of God. There, shortly after the kidnapping of St. Adalbert, she drowned in it seven times and, after he had opened her eyes, hung on a tree in the year of our Lord 997. So this great saint gave his God his sacrifice and the martyr's crown that he longed for when he shed his blood for Christ his God, he became a participant. Two of his companions, captured [p. 404] are from the cruel men, and the body lay lying down for three days and had a watch from an eagle; until they were gracious and buried. When Bolesław found out, the Polish prince, deeply saddened, sent a respectable pasture to Prussia to claim the body of S. Wojciech. And when the king saw it and the king asked so diligently about him, the ancients boasted about it and said: We have killed the Polish god, and we will not give him anything else until the king brings us as much silver as the body weighs gray. He did not regret such a great loss, the pious Lord knew: God in great and famous victories made him happy at the intercession of this saint; above all treasures that are dearest to me, the members in which the spirit of the saint dwelt and the rods of the divine abode that read it; that he took a great heap of silver and sent it to Prussia. But God honored the service and pious willingness of Bolesławowa with a great miracle and glorified his martyr. Because her body became so light on the scales that she took very little silver. With what reverence and joy, triumph and humility, the king, the priesthood and his people, he knew his body first Trzemes, then Gniezno, it is difficult to say where God glorified him with great miracles. Emperor Otto III. When he learned of his ordeal in great distress, he vowed to visit the grave of Sr. Martyr and walk seven miles to him. When Bolesław the Brave knowingly greeted him as a guest in Poznan and walked seven miles from Poznan to Gniezno with a shawl, he went with him to the place after hearing the hall; where the emperor, lying humbly on the cross in front of the tomb, celebrated his service and his vows, then on the head of King Bolesław. He put on the royal crown of Archbishop Gaudentius and announced him as the first Polish monarch: he took each other from Bolesław for a stranger gift, the arm and hand of St. Wojciech, whom he later deposited in Rome. Tread in Vitis Episcop. Varmiensium, at the end of fol. 54. Briefly put aside his life when he writes about his miracles after the death of the great, which ex-Archivo Varmiensi was supposed to take, but the former writers of his life are silent about them, so I leave them here too. This is just an addition to what Surius said in The Life of St. Otto l. 3. 2. Julia. In Julina in Pomorska the lands built the church of S. Wojciech, Saint Otto, in front of which a loud and beautiful bell was hung. It later became a custom that anyone who entered the church to pray for the sake of simplicity had to ring the bell in front of it. It happened that a blind woman tried to restore her eyesight while walking in various wonderful places; and when her request [p. 405] had no effect, the little daughter said to her Rade mater ad Ecelesiam, quassa campanam, excita S . Adslbertum, ut te adjuvet. After listening to my mother's advice, she went, picked up the bell and called S. Wojciech. She did not stop calling until her eyesight was restored.

B. Radzyn alba Gaudentius, the Archbishop of Gniezno, the brother of 4. Wojciech, the bishop and martyr, worked with him in the Breunów Monastery of the Order of S. Benedict, in which he set an example of religious perfection, as S. Wojciech left the Prague bishopric and ran to Rome, Radzyn became a companion of all his troubles, travels and holy life in the Roman monastery under the title S. Alexius: from there, when A. Wojciech returned to Bohemia, from there after Wągier, from here to Poland, he tried to win the God of souls, apostolic work, and therefore wanted to be a partner before God. After the death and assassination of S. Wojciech, who was elevated to the Archdiocese of Gnaezno by Gregory the Fifth Pope at the insistence of the Polish monarch Mieczysław, he happily ruled his flock, whose image was of all kinds of virtues; especially neglected passions, extravagance towards the poor, kindness, life that is not tarnished in any way, sobriety, zeal for the glory of God, Gniezno, something excess: he forbids; and then, when the harsh ecclesiastical punishment was of less help, he related in a prophetic spirit the defeat the city soon suffered when Bretislaus the Czech prince and Severus the bishop of Prague sacked him and brought him almost to poverty. Body of St. Adalbert, his brother from Trzemeszno to Gniezno, and Bolesław Chrobry, the first of the Polish monarchs the king, the royal crown that Otto III. Emperor of Rome from New Years Eve II. He brought the Pope by visiting the body of 9. He put it on Wojciech's head. In these pastoral efforts death found him holy, finally he was buried in Gniezno in 1006, finally with a stalemate in 1038, when the Czech prince disturbed Poland under the Interregnum, invaded and destroyed these countries; The Gniezno Church fears that in all its splendor it would not lose the body of S. Wojciech in a hideous place, somewhere far from suspicion; after hiding up. At this point he placed Gaudentius' body, which, having understood the Czechs, who had been S. Adalbert, was brought to Prague with great triumphs, so that at least after death they would receive the reverent one, whom they meanwhile fed with hatred of her Life that of them, like many godless, [p. 406] go, wander the world. This is Długosz clearly in the history of his library. 2. fol. 195. Miechov. lib. 2.e. 13. and others. Probably Balbinus Czech, crying out for the Czechs, in Bolland in Actis SS. Various reasons prove that at the same time not only Gaudentius but also St. Wojciech's body was taken, the Czechs got it; But for the collapse of Balbin it will suffice for me to quote the basis on which he Ferdinand III. Far from Balbina. To the Emperor Kromer, Bishop of Warmia and at that time the Polish King's envoy for this monarch. Because Kromer was asked by this emperor, why would the Poles in Gniezno take the corpse of St. Adalbert, because he was in Prague in 1038: He replied: You will know from this righteous emperor where the true body of St. Adalbert, if you find him without an arm or hand: because it is certain from both the breviary and Peter Damiani that it is Otto III. When he visited the grave of S. Wojciech behind the relic of Bolesław the Brave, his arm and hand, which he had richly framed, were in Rome in the Church of St. Adalbert, the love of this church later changed the title to the title St. Bartholomew, if the body of St. Bartholomew's message was: In Prague you have a body in truth, and they pretend to be St. Wojciech, but since he has both arms and shoulders, there can be no St. Wojciech. What Balbinus asks, as if Długosz was the first author of this fairy tale about planting Gaudentius' body after S. Wojciech, is wrong; This opinion was the same in Poland from the start and was well established before Długosz. that with this form deceived by our Czechs, Gaudentius was taken under St. Adalbert: It was not a hundred years after this destruction by Brzetysław of Poland that St. Wojciech Jakub von Znin, Archbishop of Gniezno who died in 1144, built the mausoleum. Evidence of evil is the old inscription in Gniezno Cathedral, which would have been possible for this rubber dinghy if the corpses of St. Wojciech did not exist, and Długosz, as he protests in his foreword, probably not his inventions, but what after the old MS. Authors, privileges, he could read, he told posterity. Gaudentius, virtue, and in Prague miraculously praised God, because as Wacław Hagecus Czech writes: Tomasz Pragensis was a young man, he was a criminal, thrown in prison, he groaned patiently in it for seven years; However, after hearing about the great miracles of Gaudentius, he wept with his misfortune, also in the year 1071 on June 7th, he shows him the Gauden Archbishop, all in white, who 407], after he had given his heart to Thomas, he ordered him to follow him; he went, and after finding a free passage through all the barriers, he went free: after going out, he led his innocence through official evidence; Shortly afterwards he was counted among the canons of the Prague Chapter, then Dean, and finally Bishop of Prague as long as he lived, grateful to Gaudentius for this grace; This glorious Shepherd performed many other miracles, some of which ascribed to him the title of Blessed One as a monologue. Benedict. Goldfinch. in Aquila Polon. Benedict. fol. 45. Which day of his death ends on May 29th. Bonfin wrote about him. Fern. Then. in Archiep. Gnesn. and other.

Żyrosław, the Bishop of Wroclaw in Silesia, according to Długosz, the story lib. 4. fol. 321st was born in the province of Krakow, since the chapter of Wroclaw in 1091 he was elected to this capital, to which Herman, the prince and monarch of Poland, because of his great qualities, and Marcin, the archbishop of Gniezno, consented to his election in Kalisz, for this function, he consecrated the following year. He rose from the coat of arms of Peter von Lis, sat eighteen years old, died in 1120. Shepherd of great humility and sought the welfare of his flock; He was followed by Hajmo or Imisław Polak, née Leszczyc. When the same Prince Herman entered Wroclaw, rosyrosław and his clergy came up against him and greeted him as his master and heir. Cureus fol. 379. Adds about him that he was the first to bring chanting and other ceremonies to his diocese that were already customary in the Krakow Church.

Radost or Gaudentius, the bishop of Krakow, assumed this dignity after the Maurice of the late archdeacon, before becoming an archdeacon of Krakow in 1118. His customs seemed very serious, no less prudence in all his advances, he measured this cholera, oddly enough. how much more naturally inclined to do so: through the example of his life he won more people for God than through science, and for this he also elevated pious priests to ecclesiastical offices. He gave many tithe to the Tyniecki monastery, which was confirmed by Egidius, the bishop of Tuskulański and the cardinal, by Kalixt the Pope, the second name, legacy for all of Poland and Hungary. He was a defender of the rights of the church; He ruled this diocese so piously that after his death in 1141 in Kielce in the Krakow Cathedral he was paid for his pastoral work. Starowol wrote about him. in Vit. Episc. Cracov. Fern. about the coat of arms. Bielski fol. 104. This Radost should be Poraj's great-grandson, who first settled in Poland, and his brother [p. 408] born Mikołaj, the castellan of Gniezno. Father of St. Bogumił, Archbishop of Gniezno, and the great-nephew of Rosyrosław, Bishop of Poznan, was Damalewicz.

Bogufał, the Bishop of Poznan, the first Pole to shine in this infule; to say that it is lib in Długosz's story. 5. fol. 479. Writing that he was the Berk of Kosa, but this mistake must have been caused by the printing press: because Długosz in Mtis Episcop. Posnan. he clearly states that he was Różyc, the then custodian of Poznan, generous to the poor and in an impeccable life, glorious: elected in 1147, he initially had difficulties because Mieczysław, the prince of Poland, opposed his choice for a long time Time: but later he was asked to convince, but for two years he presided over this cathedral for only six months, he entered the tomb in 1150. He was buried in the Pomeranian church while it was already closed .

Żyrosław, the second Bishop of Wroclaw in Silesia, after Walter from the Zadora coat of arms in Kalisz entered the Kalisz Cathedral in 1170, which was consecrated by the Archbishop of Gniezno in 11 years, i.e. left as an orphan in 1181. a shepherd with a great heart. Długosz in his story, lib. 5. fol. 515. and lib. 6. waves. 546. Paproc. about the coat of arms. Samuel. Nakiel. in Miechov. says that the Miechowski Monastery, the great one, is proud of its charity and favor when it was founded, fol. 65.

Werner, the Bishop of Płock, who turned all eyes to himself through the seriousness of morality, holiness of life, refined doctrine, turned his heart to him that after the death of Aleksander, the Bishop of Płock, the whole chapter, his was worthy, judged with unified voices that would rule the flock, orphaned by his Shepherd. Werner resisted this dignity for a long time until he gave way to stubborn, annoying insistence; with the Scholastik von Płock so with an infuate He was called to the same place on the eleventh day, on the second of May, in the same year, i.e. 4156. It was consecrated by Janisław, Archbishop of Gniezno in Łowicz. After becoming a bishop or prelate of more peculiar virtues and mashing up in suspensions for both better spiritual behavior and protection from abusive people, he kept wise, pious, and religious people to himself. God, he was excited. Through his body with fasting, already a hair shirt that had already been hacked with sticks, he shortened: in great science it seemed a great submission, with refined holiness a number of sheep entrusted to him : very sensible, with inevitable extensions, generosity peculiar to the poor, zealous divine honor and ecclesiastical goods [page 409] when in the fourteenth year he practiced all the virtues and multiplied God's grace for himself, Bolesta, castellan of Wiski , Coat of arms Jastrzębiec and this country closer to Prussia, administrator, wealthy lord from Bolesław Kędzierzawy, but also greedy, the goods of the Płock church called Karsko, he invaded people by rape and took them away; ę a pious bishop, rather than his own, rather humble and through friends, of reparation; but when the man's greed did not prevent him in time, he called him to the judgments of the earth; As a just decree, Bolesta was sentenced to poorly acquired goods and rightly punished for the violations he had committed. This decree stirred up the entire cholera in the castellan so violently that it could only be wiped out with the blood and death of an innocent bishop. After settling down, he just waited a good time. Then a troop of Prussian people came to him who were infected with idolatry in various interests. He willingly served those who were late that night and brought them to his stand. At the same moment he received news that Bishop Płocki Werner was standing in his estate called Biskupice; so drunk people and with his brother Bieniasz he sends with this party as quickly as possible to kill Werner von der Welt; How much that morning, on January 4th 1170, his court in Biskupice was cruelly murdered by a sleeping bishop and with him Benedict, the monk of the Order of St. Benedict. Out of fear, he hid under Werner's bed, who, after meeting Bieniasz and his followers, exposed the murderers for the whole of the next day. On this knowledge, Piotr covered the coat of arms of Śreniawa, then the Archbishop of Gniezno, who had abolished the bishops with other bishops, all of Poland with a ban. With which the frightened Bolesław, the Polish monarch, ordered Bolesta to be conquered: (because Bieniasz had disappeared from view after this excess, that there was no other agreement, but that the earth had swallowed him alive) and ordered him to be brought after Gniezno; there, at a great competition both of the bishops and the Polish gentlemen who were convinced of this crime, he himself judged the stake; Then he was burned to the stake in Gniezno square with a fresh, wax-covered cloth. Werner's body was brought to Płock, honestly buried in the cathedral, where God performed many miracles because of his cause. when he restored one person's eyesight, another's legs, the health and life of others, but could not yet know where the wrinkles rest. They wrote about him, Długosz lib. 5. fol. 516. Miechowita lib. 3. cap. 20. Cromer sub Boleslao Crispo. Bielski [p. 410] fol. 125. Damalev. in Vit. Archiep. Gnesn. Lubien. in Vit. Episc. Roach. Monologium Benedictinum, Mach. Ubyszewski in Catal. Patr. Reg. Half. Goldfinch. in Aquila Pol. Benedict. fol. 28. where the latter ascribes the title of Blessed to him, as does Miechowita.

S. Bogumił, the archbishop of Gniezno, and his brother Bogufał, from father Mikołaj, the castellan of Gniezno, from mother Katarzyna, Gryf coat of arms, sister Janisław, archbishop of Gnieźnieński, born in the village Koźminek near Dobrów in the province of Sieradzkie in the Archdiocese of Gniezno; Since his youth, immediately raised by his parents in Christian piety, first to Gniezno to study under the institution of S. Otto (here he was driven to Poland, then he was Chancellor of Bolesław Król, Polish, from whom he made the emperor from the Diocese of Bamberg) to Paris, where the younger brother Bogufał, after seeing the blossom, was still alive during St. Bernard, the Cistercian order, returned to Poland and consecrated himself to God in this order for perpetual service in the Lukna Monastery or, as it is now called, Wągrowiec. Bogumił, also an imitated saint, did not consider anything to be the best servant of God. Since after his parental death the rule of his home property fell on him and he wanted to make Christ his common heir, after he had given pastor Dobrowski a certain amount of it, the church was there for the blessed part. He built the Trinity from the fir tree on the hill between the Nyr and Warta rivers, which was consecrated by Janisław, the Archbishop of Gniezno. She liked it that his nephew's service was for Janisław God, so he began to advise him to sacrifice himself to divine honor; Bogumił accepted this admonition pleasantly and went to the court of the archbishops, where he diligently exercised the function of chancellor, which he imposed on himself. Fearing that virtue would not be damaged by the temptations of judgment, he would fear the divine, avoid fragmented conversations, protect himself from idleness, and torment his body with fasting : because he observed the set of ordinary fasts so closely that it did not taste . The four-day fast of Old Lament Sunday began with a hair shirt, disciplines lying on the bare ground, and other elegant methods, particularly with a prayer to the Blessed Virgin Mary. He restrained the passions of mothers and drove away the temptations of the flesh; with which he easily detached himself from the world of vanity to prepare for the ministry of God in the priestly state. Then he put some kind of law on [p. 411] on oneself, to be slow, to be slow, not to be equal, not to despise the inferior, with the ambition not to deceive oneself, to seek the greater glory of God in all things, to exemplify good ones in virtues; Leisure, Devotional Books, Attitude, and Prayer. The Archbishop of Gniezno saw these deeds in him forever and therefore urged him to return to the clergy for pious reasons. Until Bogumił agreed to everything after much deliberation with himself, he poured out everything with great preparation, which was consecrated to the priesthood, to thank God for this fascism and humiliated himself before His Majesty, knowing that he was not worth it was. And in order for him to progress more perfectly in this state, he often amuses himself with his inner prayers and the office of Our Lady, and with short, lofty deeds he raised his thoughts to God. Tip to the saint. He never left the virgins from his youth until his death; This shows his large stone rosary that hermits or pilgrims usually wear, found between four oaks in his hermitage, given as a great gift to Maciej Łubieński, Archbishop of Gniezno. He boiled to a bloodless sacrifice, just lay with his cross on the floor, he melted into tears, and during mass he almost melted from the sweet consolation of the clergy, which he generously drew from there. Soon the parish church of Dobrowski, founded by him, Archbishop, was administered to him; Bogumił obediently took on this burden, fearing that it would become heavy. Because of the rule of the sheep entrusted to him, P. did not return the bill to God. He first tried to make it true without hypocrisy, to convince her of indiscriminate love, and then he encouraged her to consent to all hatred, tenacity and forbearance to consent to them. He was diligent in administering the sacraments and willingly visiting his parishioners, where he encouraged some of them to thank God for his favor, and encouraged others