Twenty-six Additional Scientific Papers and Philosophical Essays That Will Eventually Compel Scholars to Rethink the World

By Daniel Zanou

This compilation of twenty-six scientific papers and philosophical essays expands the mind-body problem of the French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes. We expose the nature of consciousness; we discuss its origin and manifestations in living organisms. We distinguish it from life and elaborate on human existence on Earth. From there, we solve the ancient enigma posited by Epicurus, the Greek philosopher.

In science, we take over Schrodinger's works on the body's entropy and use the research of the Japanese Nobel laureate Yoshinori Ohsumi to explain how non-living atoms transition to living molecules, Francis Crick's faded dream that becomes reality. We delve into the living organisms to explain various losses of consciousness and awareness, including sleep, syncope, and death. We mainly focus on sleep to elucidate this mystery that no living organisms escape.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Xlibris US
• Release date: Jan 8, 2024
• ISBN: 9798369411001

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Copyright © 2023 by Daniel Zanou.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Any people depicted in stock imagery provided by Getty Images are models, and such images are being used for illustrative purposes only.

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Rev. date: 11/14/2023

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CONTENTS

Introduction

Article 1:   The Mystery of Sleep: The Untold Case of Rest

Article 2:   Could Humanoid Robots Become Conscious?

Article 3:   Why Do Women Experience Dissociation When Facing Sexual Aggression and Rape?

Article 4:   Understanding the Space-time Theory of Consciousness: In Search of a Mathematical Formulation

Article 5:   The Quest for an Operator to Describe the Function of Consciousness

Article 6:   What Is Consciousness?

Article 7:   The Case Against Sleep: Which One Between the Circadian Clock and Entropy Governs Our Sleep Patterns?

Article 8:   On Morality

Article 9:   What is Philosophy, and Is There Something Called African Philosophy?

Article 10:   How Do We Distinguish Between Spirit, Mind, and Soul?

Article 11:   Before the Big Bang: The Immaterial Realm

Article 12:   Neo-Creationism: A Scientific Formulation of an Act of God

Article 13:   The Cause of Sleep: The Brawl Between Entropy and the Circadian Clock Continues

Article 14:   In Search of Aliens

Article 15:   The Point of Entry Proposal

Article 16:   Where Is Physics Going?

Article 17:   Understanding the Concept of God and Evil: Is There Any Scientific Approach?

Article 18:   The Entropy-Hormone

Article 19:   A Question of Epistemology: What is Science?

Article 20:   Is God the Sustainer of the Material Universe?

Article 21:   Insomnia: Two Basic and Effective Solutions Experts Never Discuss

Article 22:   Understanding the Voluntary and Involuntary Aspects of the Sleep Mechanism

Article 23:   The Case Against Adenosine and Melatonin: How Is Sleep Induced in the Body with Natural Hormones and Manufactured Drugs?

Article 24:   Living Organisms as Chemical Systems: What is the Difference Between Sleep and Syncope?

Article 25:   Understanding Death as a Process: When is the Self Lost?

Article 26:   An Executive Information System: Inherent Information and Functional Information

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

As a self-taught scientist who conducts research in quantum science and philosophy, I can say that our skills have improved with time; the message and theories propounded do not change, but how we convey them ameliorates over time. During the pandemic in 2020, we published 15 Scientific Papers and Philosophical Essays That Could Compel Scholars to Rethink the World; these articles were the fruits of our investigations since we started this unusual adventure in 1998. For more than twenty years since we began this journey, we have toiled and converted most of our revelations into scientific knowledge. Gradually, we have been addressing tough questions in science and philosophy.

In our last compilation, we requested that readers focus on the mind-body problem. In this compilation, we solve the ancient riddle put forth by the philosopher Epicurus. In science, we address one of the problems Francis Crick pondered over when he segued from physics to biology. How non-living atoms become living ones and how brains make conscious minds had been his concerns until he discovered the molecular structure of the DNA with the help of James Waston. Today, we provide a rational explanation for the first puzzle: how molecules transition from non-living to living. As Neil Turok wisely put it during his recent public lecture at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics:

Good scientific theories are testable, either through logic (logical arguments) or measurement.

As a theoretical scientist, I offer strong arguments to elucidate the manifestation of life on Earth. Besides new revelations in sleep put forth through these articles, the reader must focus on these two problems mentioned above when reading this compilation. Here is a glimpse into the ancient riddle as the Greek philosopher meditates upon God:

Is he willing to prevent evil but not able to? Then, he is impotent. Is he able but not willing? Then, he is malevolent. Is he both able and willing? Then, where does evil come from?

Our endeavor aims to provide a lot of evidence to the scientific community that humans are not solely flesh. Our work had also been the battle of René Descartes when he posited his mind-body problem five centuries earlier. One piece of evidence that humans have souls or consciousness survives death, and the work of Darwin will be called into question.

So far, this new compilation has raised a lot of questions and answered many as well: an unknown energy source moving the Zangbeto in Benin, sleep as a protective mechanism, rest as a therapeutic process, dreaming, foreseeing the future, the work of Sam Parnia that demonstrates death is a process; therefore, could be reversed within certain limits, the research of Jim B. Tucker on reincarnation and the testimony of the Neurosurgeon Eben Alexander. Above all, our personal experience firmly stands as a challenge to the scientific community.

In 2010, the Admiral sent me to Regional Maritime Academy, now Regional Maritime University (RMU), located in Nungua, Tema, in Ghana. The purpose was to specialize in port operations and maneuvering harbor tugs. Soon after I arrived, I got good news from my brother-in-law, informing me that I won the US diversity lottery visa. I was so excited but not really surprised because I knew since 2006 that I would win that lottery visa. I was invited since then to emigrate, but I delayed because I was waiting on Admiral, who had been promoted to general overseer of Lome-Port; he had another plan for me.

I used to pray almost every day after class before I went to bed. After studying in the evening, I went to the Volleyball court, where I spoke in tongues and prayed for an hour, sometimes less, sometimes more. In one of these prayer sessions at RMU, while I was in a state of grace, I heard that I would win a Nobel Prize in science. I knew I would win a Nobel Prize one day in literature because of my already well-established philosophy. Moreover, I have a lot of stories to tell; people often win the Prize in literature by telling stories or organizing their thoughts in a particular way. Thus, I have been looking for a way to convey my philosophy through story-telling; hence, a prize in science was a shock. I didn’t believe it for the simple reason that nobody in sub-Saharan Africa has ever won the Prize in science. Besides, my science was not established yet. I conducted several investigations on human organisms, but none were conclusive.

When I arrived in the United States in 2012, I focused more on philosophy, looking for someone to help me write or co-write books in the English language. I wrote before when I was a cadet at Ecole Navale in 2002, and that book was in French. I am in an English-speaking country this time, and I must adapt.

My interest in science rekindled when I took the Fire class at Butler Tech in Cincinnati, Ohio. I was surprised to find an emergency medicine course included in the package. When I graduated from High school in 1998, I wanted to study medicine, but my father’s financial state discouraged me. His business collapsed years earlier following the nine-month general strike in the country. To avoid putting more burden on the meager economy of the household, I opted for economics studies.

Studying emergency medicine in 2014 was a divine guidance, I believed. The program was similar to what medical doctors have in medical school, except that it skimmed through the titles. Physicians in medical school delve deep into each topic. It didn’t bother me because I knew that Ph.D. students do the job independently; they have a mentor, choose a topic, and fly on their own. I could carry on as well alone.

After the program, we filled out a survey book, and they asked us: what do you see yourself achieving in ten years? I boldly wrote down: I will win a Nobel Prize. That was the first time I believed in the vision and proclaimed it openly (I advise you not to speak yours publicly because humans love to ruin good things). As I started speaking it out, the way appeared, and in 2017, three Americans won the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine with an unusual topic: sleep. With their discoveries of the molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm, they shared the 2017 prize; I followed them in their workplace to learn more. Then, I stumbled upon the question of Professor Gina Turrigiano, who asked why homeostasis is inhibited during sleep. I was electrified. That was the day I was convinced that winning a prize in physiology and medicine was within my reach. In one week, I wrote my first scientific paper and rationally explained the phenomenon.

Before this paper, I was seeking a way through physics because of the work of Michio Kaku on consciousness. Having been a man of God in the past, I had good insight into the extra-sensorial perceptions. As a prophet, I know how dreaming and visions work. I know what consciousness is and how it is manifested in living organisms. I was very comfortable with the manifestation of the spirit, so I wanted to explain telepathy and telekinesis. I quickly noticed that my African background would cripple my effort because nobody has ever won the Nobel Prize in Sub-Saharan Africa. Many European descendants win the Prize with abstract topics because their brothers have labored with concrete and tangible subjects. Roentgen worked on X-rays, and Fleming discovered penicillin. Thus, providing rational explanations for telepathy and telekinesis was no longer attractive, and I had to find another topic to work on.

When my spiritual mentor gave me the lithium formula to treat cold sores in the summer of 2017, I thought I had one tangible topic to win the Prize. Today, I am aware of much reality concerning our existence on Earth. While our dead folks may still perceive Earth in a superposition state, the person in the immaterial realm does not. He sees us only in one way: yes and amen, the ordered state. Om does not perceive our afflictions because they are all illusions; that is the discovery I made when investigating pathogens. I know this statement will shock many people, seeing how real diseases are, but they are also unreal; that’s why placebo pills work and miraculous healings are actual occurrences.

The population is not ready to understand these things. Still, those who want to start delving into them can read the books Metahuman, by Deepak Chopra and The Principle of Quantum Mechanics, by Nobel laureate Paul Dirac. Life is still a mystery, and our science is late, so do not take what I have said seriously. I reveal this here for the next generation; when our technology improves to enable science to grasp the real essence of life, they will remember that someone has already said it. Although science is late, I can challenge any physician on this statement in front of a knowledgeable audience; I have a lot of evidence to support my argument scientifically. If only physicians and doctors could understand that diseases result from our state of vibrations, many things would change in the medical field. Let’s keep our smile because the inchoate gene editing science is coming.

I am narrating my journey here to encourage any African who may stumble upon it. Often, we Africans used to say science is European; yes, it is, but the world is changing. I started this journey passively in 1998, and no one could predict the outcome. I had no funding, but I kept pushing forward. It consumed my entire life; nevertheless, I reached a result. Today, we are ready to open the scientific community’s understanding on life and its manifestation on Earth. Our society will not amend unless we have a good grasp of human existence in this material universe.

More than a couple dozen armed conflicts are unfolding in the world right now. We keep fighting each other because we are unaware of our identities. We don’t know who we are, where we come from, and where we are going. So far, traditional biology hasn’t done a comprehensive study of human beings; this goal will not be reached unless we include quantum biology. Like quantum mechanics opened new avenues for physics, quantum biology will do similar things to biology. Traditional biology has reached an edge, and the necessity to depart from it to seek new schemes to interpret life and living organisms is clearly shown by the work of Jim B. Tucker, Stephen Meyer, and Sam Parnia, without forgetting the testimony of the Neurosurgeon Eben Alexander.

Quantum biology covers various disciplines because living organisms are complex. If we want to grasp human beings, we cannot focus solely on biology. Our bodies are made of atoms, and oxygen is the most preponderant in terms of weight. Thus, quantum biology is an academic area where other disciplines converge and commingle. The new field will be an adequate place to discuss topics like consciousness, dreaming, and all losses of consciousness, including sleep, death, and syncope, without forgetting reincarnation, near-death, and actual-death experiences. As the child psychiatrist Jim Tucker suggested in chapter 9 of his book Life Before Life, We will need to understand more about consciousness before most mainstream scientists would accept reincarnation. We got it; we have the full package to explain many aspects of consciousness, especially its origin and manifestation in living organisms.

The nihilism and the hopelessness in our society explain the urgency that we must have quantum biology to address the human condition. Let’s focus on the following articles until scholars weigh in and judge the soundness of this statement. Today, my enthusiasm has diminished; the zeal I had in 2014 and 2018 has vanished. Many detractors stand in my way and hold me in failure. I do not blame them, though; I blame myself because my unbelief opened the door to the enemy. The more significant the anointing, the stronger the opposition; it has always been that way. One can have a great anointing and fail. Indeed, I struggled, but I have good news: I have reached some results worth sharing with the scientific community and the world. Here are twenty-six additional scientific papers and philosophical essays that will eventually compel scholars to rethink the world.

Be my guest and peer-review these articles; you don’t necessarily need a Ph.D. The more critics I get, the better. Intellectual debates are vital to science. You can wink at some grammar errors; I have no mentor, and nobody reads my papers before I publish them. I wrote these articles while working full-time as a truck driver, so it wasn’t easy. Reading academic papers and books to respond to and write articles after a hectic day is difficult.

Most papers and essays in this new compilation are available on several scientific platforms, including the SSRN, Elsevier repository for scientific and philosophical works. The few publications related to medical research are peer-reviewed and can be found in Medwin Publishers’ public health open access and the African Journal of Medicine and Pharma Research. This compilation is for the general public; therefore, we do not follow the guidelines of journals. We use plain language, which is not the case when you access the same paper through academic platforms. Journals used filters; this book’s publisher has no such requirements, so I say things as they appear. Thank you in advance for your time to peer-review some of these papers. It costs me less to proceed in this way.

Ayao Edoh Zanou

Fort Wright, 2023.

Article One

THE MYSTERY OF SLEEP: THE UNTOLD CASE OF REST

Zanou Ayao Edoh

Independent Researcher, United States of America.

ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-5410

Email: [e-mail]

Abstract: This article is about quantum biology. We put a final stop at the sempiternal questions about sleep by exposing the difference between sleep and rest. We compare the arguments held by both scientists and religious people on the subject and declare the closer to the truth. We compare brain wave patterns and match them with the operational frequencies of the mind. We discuss why people fail to sleep. We propose the best solution available and provided by evolution or God to solve the problem of insomnia.

Keywords: The Cardiovascular System; Brain and Mind; Brain waves; sleep stages; Insomnia; Entropy of the Body; NREM and REM Sleep; PER Proteins

_________________

O ne of the biggest problems we have today in science is communication. People do have similar ideas, but the words they use to convey the message are the problem (Zanou, 2021-A). There is a considerable difference between sleep and rest. They are not the same things. Failure to distinguish both is the cause of great misunderstanding among scientists. Sometimes, we do use them interchangeably. However, if we need to be accurate, we must learn to speak correctly to avoid confusion.

As surprising as that could sound, scientists still don’t know why living organisms sleep. The study shows that all living beings exhibit a certain kind of sleep behavior. Almost all living creatures lose consciousness temporarily at a certain period of their routine lives. During slumber, the body lies quiet and nearly immobile, but the brain is highly active. The mind stays active during sleep. This is proof sleep is about losing consciousness in the body. The mind loses control of the body temporarily.

Sleep appears to be necessary to maintain harmony in the body systems (Nicolau, Gamundí, Akaârir, and Rial, 2000). The health of the individual seems to depend upon it (Eder, 2020). Actually, it is rest that is necessary. As humans, we spend a third of our lives in sleep. Within twenty-four hours, we lose consciousness temporarily at least once. Some scientists want to make this amount of sleep time a requirement. They advocate that all humans must sleep at least eight hours a day.

We know how the lack of sleep affects the body (Foster, 2020)). People can die from sleep deprivation. The most extended period ever recorded by science was eleven days. And the experiment was done on laboratory rats. After eleven days, mice begin to die from sleep deprivation (Everson, Bergmann, and Rechtschaffen, 1989). They lose consciousness and die.

Consciousness, life, sleep, and death are all strongly related. No one can understand sleep and death without grasping consciousness. Consciousness is fundamental. As long as consciousness remains beyond our ken, we will be unable to grasp the concept of sleep and death. Both sleep and death are kin: they are losses of consciousness. The former is an ephemeral loss, while the latter is a permanent loss.

Most of the time, scientists confound consciousness with life, and in the majority of cases, they restrict consciousness to human life (Zanou, 2021-L). Consciousness is more considerable than life. The simple definition we can offer is this: consciousness is a concatenation of Information, Order, and Disorder. Everything in the material universe is the manifestation of consciousness. Therefore, everything, animate or inanimate, has consciousness. We must not confound having consciousness with being conscious. Material existence is different from living existence. Subjects and objects are two other dissimilar things. Everything has consciousness, but not all things are alive. Anything conscious is alive.

Thus, life is the activity of these three elements composing consciousness, with Order and Disorder forming an entangled system. Broadly speaking, life in the material realm is any dissipative system with consciousness capable of self-organization within a boundary fence, possessing the following characteristics: homeostasis, metabolism, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction (Zanou, 2021-I).

Life is the core of consciousness. According to scientists, life manifested itself in the material world 3.8 billion years ago (Zanou, 2021-F). It evolved from a single cell to the biodiversity we have today. Life must be found only within a boundary fence. And whenever the fence breaches, life is threatened. To preserve life in the boundary fence, the entangled system must be in such a way that harmony reigns inside the perimeter. The entangled system Synthesis/Degradation must be balanced all the time. And whenever that equilibrium is threatened, sleep and death could occur.

In this article, we will study the hypothesis scientists hold about sleep. We will zoom in on human beings to reconcile brain waves with the operational frequencies of the mind. Then, we will explore the point of view of religious people. Finally, we will shine a light on insomnia using the work of the three Nobel laureates, Rosbash, Hall, and Young.

1- The Hypothesis of Science

There are several hypotheses scientists have advanced to elucidate the mystery of sleep (Locke, 2014). The most common argument scientists propose when clarifying the cause of sleep is the clean-up process.

Scientists believe living organisms sleep so that the brain can undergo its maintenance. During our slumber, the cerebrospinal fluid flushes through the brain to clean up debris, toxins, and residues to prevent plaques from building up.

Another argument is a consolidation of memory. The investigation shows a strong correlation between sleep deprivation and memory formation (Ellenbogen, Payne, and Stickgold, 2006).

Some hypothesize synaptic remodeling. The proponents argue that sleep regulates the synaptic connectivity of the brain. Another hypothesis is creativity; sleep enhances creativity. We cannot close our eyes to the notorious examples of August Kekule, Dmitri Mendeleyev, Rene Descartes, Srinivasa Ramanujan, and many other achievers who use dreaming as evidence of sleep efficiency.

The most astounding argument scientists proposed was sleep as a survival advantage. While sleep keeps our eyes closed and leaves us defenseless, scientists still believe slumber is an excellent evolutionary trait. The proponents argue if this is not the case, evolution would have destroyed this reckless behavior eons ago (Locke, 2014). By this statement, scientists mean evolution is intelligent and must work to make things better for us.

While many of these scientific arguments are sound and established, some are ludicrous. Although evolution is blind, undirected, and random, scientists believe it is a clever act of a mindless nature. Let’s see what ideas religious people offer us.

2- The Point of View of Religion

Religious people have a mumbo-jumbo story to tell, but surprisingly, their arguments match the observations in the field. They provide the best hypothesis to explain why we sleep than scientists. Science must explain natural phenomena. If an upside-down story could describe the reality we observe, that tale is worth hearing.

The story goes that way. Once upon a time, there was a kingdom called Heaven (Immaterial realm, pure consciousness). The kingdom has a king (God, Will, love, life, the core of consciousness, Holy Spirit) to whom the following attributes are reckoned: Omnipotence, omniscience, omnipresence, and creator. The king and his kingdom are one. And the king can speak his thoughts into creation. When he speaks (field bursts), his words materialize (E=MC2).

One day, the king nourished the desire to have kids (humans) upon whom his love could be directed because he could not love himself, as he always identifies himself as a stream of living water. This idea provoked upheaval in the kingdom, causing some of his ministers to revolt against him. In his reaction (field in excitation state), he defeated the rebels and cast them out of his kingdom (field degenerates and bursts). He cleaned up the mess (controlled entropy in the early universe) and finally established a colony where his kids were supposed to operate and rule (the birth of the material world).

Humans came to be as he desired, but he encased his creation in a physical body since the prince lives under the terrestrial atmosphere. He gave the colony (universe, Earth) to his kid and recommended that he rule it and establish his dominion over it.

Having a glimpse into the future, the king foresaw what the rebels were planning to do. He anticipated their actions and plunged his kid into a deep sleep. On the operation table, the king halved down the authority and the power of the hermaphroditic prince. He created another new body and shared the power. He spread the rulership into two separate complementary bodies, male and female. One may need the other to carry out the assignment, which he embedded in the Information buried in their chromosomes.

To protect them against what was coming, he equipped them with a mechanism that could shut down the body at any time their lives were threatened. The rebels came indeed to seduce the prince and his wife. The chief of the insurgents took the title deeds of the colony out of their hands but was unable to combine the power and the authority to make them efficient. When the prince and the princess gave away their leadership and the title deeds of the colony, they incorporated a code inside their DNA known as the rebellion code (entropy). This rebellion code creates havoc in their body systems and threatens all the time to annihilate life. Thus, whenever the threat was present, the mind shut the body temporarily for repairs. Without this mechanism (sleep), the prince and the princess would lose consciousness permanently (death). The king warned them. They would die if they seceded from his kingdom and incorporated the rebellion code into their body systems.

The insurgents finally took possession of the colony but could not rule it because the scepter was halved down. The king promised the prince and his wife that, one day, he would return to confront the rebels and take back the colony. Until that day, they must rely on the mechanism that continually shuts down the body to keep in check the chaos that constantly builds up in their body systems. The rebellion code humans have incorporated in their DNA repeatedly causes entropy to build up in their bodies.

Actually, the king provided the body with two different mechanisms. One is called sleep, and its role is to shut down the body in case of a threat (Genesis 2:21). The second mechanism is called rest, and it helps the body refurbish its systems (Genesis2:2-3). Both sleep and rest are similar to anesthesiologists and surgeons. The surgeon does not necessarily need an anesthetist, but the surgeon performs better during the anesthesia of the patient. However, both sleep and rest are so intertwined that it takes a lot of wits to distinguish them from one another.

This abracadabra story is what religious people offer to elucidate the mystery of sleep and death (The Book of Genesis, chapters 2 & 3). They are the only people on Earth that can explain why living organisms die. Scientists have failed to elucidate the mystery of death. Although believers’ narration fits snuggly with the reality we observe, it lacks a scientific explanation. Science must provide a rational explication of natural phenomena.

Religious people’s hypothesis could hold the ground when we replace God with a field of energy or Will. The rebellion in Heaven is the excitation of the field that leads to a broken symmetry. The war in Heaven is the degeneration of the field leading to the Big Bang. The casting out of rebels is the creation of the universe. Material existence began with the apparition of the Higgs field, a concatenation of Information, Order, and Disorder. Scientists believe that event occurred 13.8 billion years ago. The prince and his wife corresponded to the emergence of life 3.8 billion years ago that underwent an evolution to reach apogee in modern humans (Zanou, 2021-F).

The king does not live in space and time. Thus, all these sequences of events are embedded in the Information living organisms carry. In the same way Windows 10 is the extension of the first software Bill Gates created several years ago, our lives are the continuance of LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor). Windows 10 was inside the mind of Bill Gates from the beginning, so humans also existed in LUCA 3.8 billion years ago. We have the concept of time; the king does not.

The rebels are what scientists call entropy. Religious people call it the devil. The concatenation of Information and Order is pure consciousness or God. Entropy continually opposes Order. All chaos originates from entropy that causes sleep and death. According to religious people, death results from the rebellion of humans who seceded from the kingdom of Heaven and proclaimed their independence.

3- Why do Living Organisms Sleep?

Sleep appears to be fundamental, and the reason is quite simple. We sleep because of entropy. Living creatures sleep because of the entangled system Order/Disorder. The Nobel laureate Yoshinori Ohsumi labels them Synthesis/Degradation. According to the Japanese biologist, life is a tightly controlled balance between Synthesis and Degradation (Ohsumi 2016). The entangled system Synthesis/Degradation is one of the two elements that characterize life on planet Earth. The first is a boundary fence. There is no life without a boundary fence. And there is no life without the entangled system Synthesis/Degradation.

In addition to these two elements mentioned above, which are quintessential for all living organisms, human life is characterized by circulating blood (which brings in the concept of soul and spirit) and oxygen breathing. There are several critical organs in the body, but these four elements are the most fundamental for life to be in the human body. These four elements define human existence on planet Earth.

Death comes to the body through these elements. Without membranes, cells will not exist. The Guinness book record for a man that holds his breath is 24 minutes and 3 seconds (Ault, 2016). When the heart stops, we die unless something maintains the circulation of blood in the body. All these things occur whenever the system Order/Disorder disentangles. The system can disengage suddenly (trauma, accident) or gradually (diseases, aging). The body, however, can anticipate this phenomenon if the damage is not too severe and sudden. In this case, the mind shuts down the body temporarily through sleep or coma to avoid further damage to the system. Sleep is a loss of consciousness. It is a mechanism of protection. The mechanism is similar to the one we find in cars when we have a blown head gasket. A blown head gasket occurs when the seal between the engine block and the cylinder head fails. As a result, the coolant starts leaking, leading to engine malfunction.

In many cases where the coolant drops below its optimal level, the temperature gets too high, and the thermostat shuts down the engine. By analogy to the body, the mind shuts the body down when Order and Disorder start losing balance. At the cellular level, when a high number of cells of significant organs, especially the heart and the brain, struggle to maintain the balance between Synthesis and Degradation, the mind induces sleep for restoration.

The thermostat will shut down the engine whenever the temperature rises above a specific level. No matter how the thermostat puts the engine off, the problem will never be solved if a good mechanic does not repair the car. When the temperature drops, one can start the car again, but the engine will run for a few miles and shut down again. This is what we are doing with sleep. We focus too much on shutting our body down while the reparation is botched. Doctors must emphasize rest. And the best way to get proper rest is through sexual love. We cannot sleep alone unless we choose that way of living from the beginning, as clergymen, nuns, and monks do. Many don’t sleep in couples. They lie in bed alone with their minds busy, ruminating, reassessing, and rehashing past events or worrying about the future. Sexuality could solve their problems.

People have plenty of time. They don’t know how to get adequate rest. They worry too much. Rest provides the body peace and harmony; things sleep does not guarantee. A stressed mind would sleep but could not have rest. And one of the best tools to deal with this particular situation is sexual love. Sleep occurs when the entangled system Order/Disorder is threatened. Rest primes back the system to its optimal level.

The first symptom and sign we notice when the equilibrium between Synthesis and Degradation is about to rupture is the cardiovascular system. During proper sleep, what we call a rest, the three immaterial fields hovering over the heart, the blood, and the brain, are recalibrated. One can sleep and not get them realigned. In that case, we wake up fuzzy and still be groggy.

4- Brain Waves and Operational Frequencies of the Mind

The mind exists in the brain because of consciousness. Without life in the body, there will be no mind in the brain (Zanou, 2021-J). The human mind could be divided into two portions according to its frequencies of operation. We have the seminal mind and the creative mind. Each one has three operational frequencies. The seminal mind comprises wakefulness, awareness, and alertness. The creative mind is composed of imagination, intuition, and dreaming.

Among these operational frequencies, only five are functional in conscious mode. Dreaming is an operational frequency of the mind in unconscious mode. In this paper, we will focus more on the operational frequency of the mind when we are awake. These frequencies are wakefulness, awareness, alertness, intuition, and imagination. Awareness has two sub-frequencies, namely self-awareness and personhood. These frequencies are not our concerns in this article.

Each operational frequency corresponds to specific brain wave patterns. Our work here is based on experiments conducted by other scientists. We have never been in the laboratory. We carry out thought experiments and identify ourselves as theoretical scientists. However, we have carried out several investigations on our bodies, and we guarantee everyone will reach the same results. Like other scientists, we are not fortunate enough, but we try with whatever we possess, pushing forward against all odds. In this article, we match our works with the results of other scientists. They carry out the experiments, and we interpret them.

Neuroscientists distinguish five fundamental brain waves which are Delta(0.5hz-4hz), Theta(4hz-8hz), Alpha(8hz-12hz), Beta(12hz-30hz), and Gamma(30hz-100hz). The most common pattern among these brain waves is Beta, and it occurs in the normal waking state of the mind. It is the state of the mind of a student in a classroom, for instance. It corresponds to the operational frequency of awareness. The individual is awake, aware of his surroundings, and is thinking (Walker, 2009).

Gamma corresponds to the frequency of alertness. Here, the individual is alert and intensely focused. It is the state of the mind of a police officer chasing a thief, for instance. Any individual who is engaged in an intensive intellectual or manual activity that requires all his attention and senses could be classified in this category. The higher the frequency, the more awake and alert the individual is.

Alpha brain waves correspond to wakefulness and imagination. These brain patterns encourage creative thinking. Here, the individual is awake and relaxed. The body seems to be disconnected from the mind as the individual thinks about a problem (Buzsaki, 2006).

Theta is the state of meditation. It corresponds to the frequency of intuition. The individual is relaxed and engaged in daydreaming. Here is where most achievers dwell. The majority of our revelation knowledge comes through these brain wave patterns.

Delta brain waves fall into unconscious mode. It occurs when we lose consciousness and are in a restful state. The individual is in a deep sleep.

Correspondence Brain Waves & Operational Frequencies

5- Insomnia

Insomnia occurs when the mind fails to shut the body down for repair. Scientists distinguish four stages within a sleep cycle. One sleep cycle lasts 90 minutes. Each one contains four different stages that could be split into two: Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM). NREM comprises the first three stages: stage 1 lasts 5 minutes; stages 2 and 3 go on for 30 minutes each. Stage 3 is where the individual enters deep sleep, and the brain registers Delta waves (Eder, 2020).

Stage 4 lasts 20 minutes and is known as REM sleep. It is where the individual dreams. The adrenal glands shut down the production of the entropy-hormone, and cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline withdraw from the body systems. As a result, homeostasis is inhibited, and the body is paralyzed.

People have trouble sleeping when they cannot shut the body down past stage 1. They can close their eyes for five minutes, but they would have difficulty entering stages 2 and 3. A healthy sleep must necessarily reach stage 3, which scientists call deep sleep. The body must make it to stage 3 for the brain to register Delta wave patterns. It is where most repairs occur. Rest is efficient when the brain is in Delta wave patterns. Unfortunately, many people struggle to produce these patterns in their brains. The majority of people who complain about sleep cannot reach stage 3.

Three Nobel laureates investigated fruit flies and studied their sleep behavior. According to Michael Rosbash, Jeffrey Hall, and Michael Young, sleep occurs when PER proteins accumulate in the cytoplasm of cells (The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute, 2017). Michael Young specifically observed PER proteins could disintegrate when another protein, he baptized DBT (Double Time), is present in the cytoplasm. According to Dr. Young, when DBT is absent, PER protein builds up quickly in the cytoplasm. But, when DBT is present, it causes PER to disintegrate. Researchers have concluded that a normal function of DBT is the regulation of PER accumulation (Price, Blau, Rothenfluh, Abodeely, Kloss, and Young, 1998).

The genes PER produce PER proteins, and genes DBT produce DBT proteins. We presume that the same genes must exist in humans; if not, some of their correspondence must exist to cause insomnia. The accumulation of PER proteins must cause the adrenal glands to shut down. Their disintegration must correspond with the production of entropy-hormone, primarily cortisol and norepinephrine. Sleep will never occur when cortisol continues to flush the body system.

People who have insomnia are mostly locked up in Beta wave patterns. They cannot bring the frequency of their minds down to Theta and, ultimately, to Delta. It is so because of their cognition. The cognitive brain is in Beta wave patterns. Humans cannot have a healthy sleep unless they shift from Beta waves to Theta and lastly to Delta.

The fundamental reason why animals, like Giraffes and elephants, could get a healthy sleep in a few hours may lie in the state of their minds (Erie and Hasegawa, 2009). Humans worry too much and spend time brooding over events of life. Adult life is challenging, and we can say evolution provides them with the solution, but unfortunately, many scoff at this solution. Sexual love is the cure for insomnia. Anything else doctors propose is a fallacy. If sex cannot work, the individual might probably sustain physical damage in his or her brain.

During sexual intimacy, the happy-hormone flushes the system, causing the entropy-hormone to back off (Zanou, 2021-G). Entropy controls our sleep patterns and not the circadian clock, as we have been taught previously. The amount of Cortisol hormone in the body systems determines whether we can sleep or not. The entropy-hormone has the final say.

Sexuality is the best remedy against insomnia for people who have chosen marital relationships. People who opt for celibacy, like clergymen, nuns, and monks, have their ways of solving the issue. They know how to fast and pray. They have learned not to worry. They know how to cast all their anxiety on the Lord because he cares.

Sleep Stages

6- The Case of Sleep

There is indeed a case of sleep that needs a public discussion. Although the evidence, we still deny it. Sleep is a loss of consciousness. And we do not need the same amount every night. The need for rest varies from individual to individual. It is always proportional to the amount of entropy the body sustains.

Some scientists believe all humans require the same amount every night. It is like putting everybody in the house on a diet because the last-born cannot control her eating habits. We don’t mess up our bodies at the same rate. Therefore, we don’t need the same energy and time for repairs. The more stressed you are, the less likely you are to have a healthy sleep. And people who sleep alone are more prone to struggle to shut their bodies down than those in couples unless they have made up their minds from the beginning. Some people might opt for monophasic sleep, while others would choose polyphasic. Either way, it is about how efficient we get in refurbishing the body systems.

Nowadays, the majority of people complain about sleep. Actually, they must grumble about rest instead because some do sleep, but many are not getting rest. Sooner or later, they will succeed in shutting down the body at a certain point of the night. But they always fail to reach a restful state. Adult life is exclusively challenging. And the human body was not designed to sleep alone. Humans are gregarious animals. Physical contact is essential for our health. Most people who grumble about poor sleep lie in bed alone at night. We must be honest with ourselves. The more we age, the more we need companionship. Unfortunately, it is the exact moment many choose to divorce.

One of the first steps in the study of sleep is the definition we give to the concept. Sleep is an ephemeral loss of consciousness. It affects only the body. Sleep occurs when the mind loses control of the physical body temporarily. In other words, sleep occurs when the mind shuts the body down for repairs.

We do confound sleep with rest. One can sleep without resting. We know the difference when we wake up. Rest allows the immaterial components to realign. In other words, rest primes back the cardiovascular system, causing the mind to be at peace. When the body shuts down for sleep, the adrenal glands stop the production of entropy-hormone. As a result, cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline withdraw from the systems, causing the heart to slow down and the body temperature to drop.

There will never be a healthy sleep if cortisol is still running in the body systems. One thing is to shut the body down; another is to repair it. An anesthesiologist and a surgeon don’t perform the same task. They may need each other, but the most critical job falls into the hands of the surgeon. It is better to have a skillful surgeon than a good anesthesiologist. Most animals rely on the surgeon. They achieve proper rest within a few hours. That’s the case, for instance, of Giraffes and elephants. Most prey in the jungle reaches a restful state. That’s the reason they sleep a few hours and still be performant. Nikola Tesla claimed the same strategy. Leonard Da Vinci has similar technics. He can refurbish his body system without the need of the eight-hour requirement our doctors prescribe.

Sleep is the standard mechanism the body uses to prevent further damage to the entangled system. Coma achieves the same result but in sporadic cases. Coma occurs in cases of severe impairment of the entangled system. Sleep prevents the body from premature death. We lose consciousness temporarily to avoid losing it permanently. It is a mechanism set in place by God (for religious people) or evolution (for atheists).

Some scientists believe evolution equipped us with sleep so that we can evade our predators (Locke, 2014). Not only is this argument absurd, but