Naval Battle Of Hampton Roads, 1862

By André Geraque Kiffer

Also known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack (rebuilt and renamed CSS Virginia) or the Battle of the Ironclads, it was the most important naval battle during the American Civil War, fought during March 8 and 9, 1862. The battle attracted the attention of almost every navy in the world. The USS “Monitor” became the prototype of a new class of warship, being the first of two ships whose names were applied to entire classes of their successors, the other being the HMS “Dreadnought”. For one side or the other to win effectively, it mainly lacked better coordination at the level designed for a naval force (fleet or squadron), particularly with regard to the two forces chains of command.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Clube de Autores
• Release date: Feb 3, 2024

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ANDRÉ  GERAQUE  KIFFER

Naval  Battle  of

Hampton  Roads,  1862. A  historical  simulation

Author's  Edition Rio  de  Janeiro

2022

---  Kiffer,  André  Geraque.

Naval  Battle  of  Hampton  Roads,  1862.  A  historical simulation.  André  Geraque  Kiffer.

Author’s  Edition,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  2022. Bibliography:  86  p.  35  im.  21  cm..

1.  History.  2.  Art  of  War.  3.  Science  of  War.  4.  War Games.  I.  Author.  II.  Title.

ISBN  978-65-00-44717-0

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3 PROLOGUE

As  a  Military  Historian  I  rely  on  a  summary  of  the historical  fact,  I  analyze  and  highlight  the  decisive factors,  before  simulating  hypotheses  what  if… hypotheses  through  a  board  game.  In  the simulation,  all  possibilities  of  the  purpose  of  the study  are  completed,  when  the  past  of  history  is analyzed  based  on  the  theory  of  the  present  and projected  for  similar  situations  in  the  future.  Since 2010  I  have  published  the  following  series  of simulations:  I.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  Wars  of the  First  Empires;  II.  Historical  Simulation  of  the Wars  in  Classical  Greece;  III.  Historical  Simulation of  the  Roman  Wars;  IV.  Historical  Simulation  of Wars  in  the  Medieval  Era;  V.  Historical  Simulation of  Wars  in  the  Modern  Era  (1453  to  1774);  VI. Historical  Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Age  of Revolutions  (1775  to  1860);  VII.  Historical Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Industrial  Age  (1861  to 1913);  "VIII.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  First  World

War;  IX.  Historical  Simulation  of  World  War  II;  X.

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Historical  Simulation  of  the  Cold  War  (1917  to 1991);  and  XI.  Historical  Simulation  of Contemporary  Wars  (1991  to  ...)". Keywords:  History.  Art  of  War.  Science  of  War.  War

Games.

5 SUMMARY

AMERICAN  CIVIL  WAR………………………..….…6 UNION  NAVY…….….....……………....….………...10 CONFEDERATE  NAVY…...….……………....….…15 BATTLE  OF  HAMPTON  ROADS...………....….….19 HISTORICALANALYSIS….………………....….….24 HISTORICAL  SIMULATION….………………....….37

REFERENCES...………………………………….…85

6 AMERICAN  CIVIL  WAR

The  American  Civil  War  (also  known  by  other names)  was  a  civil  war  in  the  United  States  (US) from  1861  to  1865,  fought  between  northern  states loyal  to  the  Union  and  southern  states  that  had seceded  to  form  the  Confederate  States  of  America. The  principal  cause  of  the  war  was  whether  or  not slavery  was  to  be  expanded  into  newly  acquired lands  in  the  west.

After  Abraham  Lincoln  won  the  November  1860 presidential  election  on  a  platform  banning  further expansion  of  slavery,  seven  slave  states  declared their  secession  from  the  country  to  form  the Confederacy.  War  began  in  April  1861  when secessionist  forces  attacked  Fort  Sumter  in  South Carolina,  just  over  a  month  after  Lincoln's inauguration.  An  additional  four  slave  states  joined the  Confederacy  in  the  following  two  months.

The  Confederacy  grew  to  control  at  least  a majority  of  territory  in  those  eleven  states  (out  of  the 34  US  states  in  February  1861),  and  it  claimed  the

additional  states  of  Kentucky  and  Missouri  by

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assertions  from  native  secessionists  fleeing  Union authority.  These  states  were  given  full representation  in  the  Confederate  Congress throughout  the  Civil  War.

Im  1:  The  Theater  of  War.

The  two  remaining  slave  states,  Delaware  and Maryland,  were  invited  to  join  the  Confederacy,  but Delaware  declined  and  nothing  substantial developed  in  Maryland  due  to  intervention  by federal  troops.

The  Confederate  states  were  never

diplomatically  recognized  as  a  joint  entity  by  the

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government  of  the  United  States,  nor  by  that  of  any foreign  country.  The  states  that  remained  loyal  to the  federal  government.  were  known  as  the  Union.