Battle Of Algiers, 1956 And 1957

By André Geraque Kiffer

The Battle of Algiers was an urban guerrilla campaign fought by the FLN (Front for the National Liberation of Algeria) against French colonial authorities in Algeria from late 1956 to late 1957, including police, regular soldiers, and veterans of the Indochina War. Failures of the rural insurgency forced the malcontents to find new avenues of action designed to create maximum publicity, provoking targeted regimes into excessive repression, and thus inciting the general population to join a broader revolutionary struggle. Trying to simulate the possibility of a strategic military victory for Algeria would be unrealistic, considering the military situation at the time. Let us imagine, then, other possibilities for the inexorable Algerian defeat in the years 1956 and 1957, anticipating the use of 1960s techniques and tactics.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Clube de Autores
• Release date: Feb 2, 2024

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ANDRÉ  GERAQUE  KIFFER

Battle  of  Algiers,  1956  and  1957.

A  historical  simulation

Author's  Edition Rio  de  Janeiro

2022

---  Kiffer,  André  Geraque.

Battle  of  Algiers,  1956  and  1957.  A  historical  simulation. André  Geraque  Kiffer.

Author’s  Edition,  Rio  de  Janeiro,  2022. Bibliography:  97  p.  50  im.  21  cm..

1.  History.  2.  Art  of  War.  3.  Science  of  War.  4.  War Games.  I.  Author.  II.  Title.

ISBN  978-65-00-43052-3

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3 PROLOGUE

As  a  Military  Historian  I  rely  on  a  summary  of  the historical  fact,  I  analyze  and  highlight  the  decisive factors,  before  simulating  hypotheses  what  if… hypotheses  through  a  board  game.  In  the simulation,  all  possibilities  of  the  purpose  of  the study  are  completed,  when  the  past  of  history  is analyzed  based  on  the  theory  of  the  present  and projected  for  similar  situations  in  the  future.  Since 2010  I  have  published  the  following  series  of simulations:  I.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  Wars  of the  First  Empires;  II.  Historical  Simulation  of  the Wars  in  Classical  Greece;  III.  Historical  Simulation of  the  Roman  Wars;  IV.  Historical  Simulation  of Wars  in  the  Medieval  Era;  V.  Historical  Simulation of  Wars  in  the  Modern  Era  (1453  to  1774);  VI. Historical  Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Age  of Revolutions  (1775  to  1860);  VII.  Historical Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Industrial  Age  (1861  to 1913);  "VIII.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  First  World

War;  IX.  Historical  Simulation  of  World  War  II;  X.

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Historical  Simulation  of  the  Cold  War  (1917  to 1991);  and  XI.  Historical  Simulation  of Contemporary  Wars  (1991  to  ...)". Keywords:  History.  Art  of  War.  Science  of  War.  War

Games.

5 SUMMARY

ALGERIAN  WAR……....……………….....……....….6 BATTLE  OF  ALGIERS....……………....…....….…...9 HISTORICALANALYSIS….………………....….….20 HISTORICAL  SIMULATION.….………………....…25 ANNEXES........………………………………………92

REFERENCES...…………………………………….96

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Im  1:  Theater  of  War.

ALGERIAN  WAR

Also  known  as  the  Algerian  Revolution  or  the Algerian  War  of  Independence  was  fought  between France  and  the  Algerian  National  Liberation  Front (French:  Front  de  Libération  Nationale  –  FLN)  from 1954  to  1962,  which  led  to  Algeria  winning  its independence  from  France.  An  important decolonization  war,  it  was  a  complex  conflict characterized  by  guerrilla  warfare  and  the  use  of

torture.  The  conflict  also  became  a  civil  war

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between  the  different  communities  and  within  the communities.  The  war  took  place  mainly  on  the territory  of  Algeria,  with  repercussions  in metropolitan  France.

Effectively  started  by  members  of  the  National Liberation  Front  (FLN)  on  1  November  1954,  during the  Toussaint  Rouge  (Red  All  Saints'  Day),  the conflict  led  to  serious  political  crises  in  France, causing  the  fall  of  the  Fourth  Republic  (1946–58),  to be  replaced  by  the  Fifth  Republic  with  a strengthened  presidency.

The  brutality  of  the  methods  employed  by  the French  forces  failed  to  win  hearts  and  minds  in Algeria,  alienated  support  in  metropolitan  France, and  discredited  French  prestige  abroad.  As  the  war dragged  on,  the  French  public  slowly  turned  against it  and  many  of  France's  key  allies,  including  the United  States,  switched  from  supporting  France  to abstaining  in  the  UN  debate  on  Algeria.

After  major  demonstrations  in  Algiers  and several  other  cities  in  favor  of  independence  (1960)

and  a  United  Nations  resolution  recognizing  the

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right  to  independence,  Charles  de  Gaulle,  the  first President  of  the  Fifth  Republic,  decided  to  open  a series  of  negotiations  with  the  FLN.  These concluded  with  the  signing  of  the  Évian  Accords  in March  1962.

A  referendum  took  place  on  8  April  1962  and the  French  electorate  approved  the  Évian  Accords. The  final  result  was  91%  in  favor  of  the  ratification of  this  agreement  and  on  1  July,  the  Accords  were subject  to  a  second  referendum  in  Algeria,  where 99.72%  voted  for  independence  and  just  0.28% against.

The  planned  French  withdrawal  led  to  a  state crisis.  This  included  various  assassination  attempts on  de  Gaulle  as  well  as  some  attempts  at  military coups.  Most  of  the  former  were  carried  out  by  the Organisation  Armée  Secrète  (OAS),  an underground  organization  formed  mainly  from French  military  personnel  supporting  a  French Algeria,  which  committed  a  large  number  of