Swarm Intelligence as never before

By Er. Rashi Gupta

The content of the book highlights the move towards Artificial Intelligence. Here, we explain about the concepts of Big data, Clustering, Ant Colony Algorithms, Swarm Intelligence and Multi-core Processors. We explore and exploit the inherent parallelism of swarm computing as well as multi-core processors in order to solve complex problems. It sets the ground for Intelligent Computing by the foraging behavior of ants.
This book will prove to be a game-changer in the realm of Research and Technology by making it easy for the researchers to get an idea to write a thesis as per the standard rules and latest trends.
Artificial Intelligence(AI) is a blessing in disguise for the generations to come. Read it now so that you lead in future.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Flamingo Publication House
• Release date: May 24, 2024
• ISBN: 9798224391103

Book preview

RASHI GUPTA

FLAMINGO PUBLICATION HOUSE

FLAMINGO PUBLICATION HOUSE

Sahitya comes from The Depth of one’s own heart

साहित्य हे स्वतःच्या हृदयाच्या खोलीतून निर्मित होते

FLAMINGO PUBLICATION HOUSE is a publishing house which provides a path to fresh talents as well as established authors. We have a wide distribution network across the nation and it has covered all the major cities of India. We also provide a platform for talented foreign authors. We have published books in English, Hindi and Marathi of both Indian as well as authors from USA. We have launched national authors and will launch many more in the upcoming time.

Founder – Himanshu Sonawane (Magic Book of Record) Holder.

Copyright @Rashi Gupta © 2024

ISBN : 978-93-5605-372-4

COPYRIGHT

FLAMINGO PUBLICATION HOUSE

All rights reserved. The book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatever without the express written permission of the publisher.

Although every precaution has been taken to verify the accuracy of the information contained herein, the publisher assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions.

All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented in the book.

Email - [e-mail]

LinkedIn - Flamingo Publication House

Facebook - Flamingo Publication House

Instagram - @flamingopublicationhouse

Swarm Intelligence As Never Before

ISBN: 978-93-5605-372-4

Price: 249/- INR

E-book available

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Er. Rashi Gupta

Rashi is a 1984-born, Engineering Post Graduate in CSE -Associate Professor, CSE, Data Analyst and Content writer-turned-authoress. The immense passion towards creativity and innovation enthused her to give up her career in Education to focus towards thinking and writing after dedicated observation, stimulating real-life experiences and deep analysis. Besides being an authoress of technical content, she is also into philosophical and spiritual thinking with a plethora of self-written spellbounding thoughts for the intellectual minds and ethical souls.

Rashi adorns a panache for excellence and perfection with an unwavering spirit to share her insights and analysis with the young as well as elderly junta of curious and versatile minds.

Rashi has a divine passion for reading, writing, ethical thinking, insightful observation, deep analysis and patient style of working with versatile skillset. Rashi had been among the toppers throughout her school and college life. Rashi has a vision for societal benefit with a long term mission to accomplish the soul purpose.

Thoughts by Author

Ants think and work in unison for the peace, security and success of their clan. On the other hand, the humans don't work diligently for positive actions but work unethically to snatch what's not theirs. How foolish!

#ANTS       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Technically Heightened level of curious Exploration and experimentation with Simplified Intricacies defined through a Summarised report is defined as a T.H.E.S.I.S.

#T.H.E.S.I.S       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Swarm Intelligence is a natural intelligence guiding the technocrats and researchers towards the technically trending ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

-Er. Rashi Gupta

Ants live-off better than us. Unanimously, they conspire against the external stimuli. On the other hand, we conspire against our own friends or family.

#ANTS       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Ants work in unison, synchronization, coordination and harmony. They are a beautiful natural example of self-organisation, harmony, focus and selfless hardwork.

#ANTS       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Ants don't know why they are doing a particular task. Despite that it is done with passion and patience.

#ANTS       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Ants won't leave any member of their clan in danger. However, humans shall leave at the slightest trigger.

#ANTS       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Ants, without their knowledge, are inspiration and motivation for many. They are unaware of their importance and that's what keeps them moving humbly and confidently without a tinge of arrogance. If seemingly non-important creature can guide, inspire or motivate researchers, scientists, writers, philosophers, why can't we?

#ANTS       -Er. Rashi Gupta

Treading Enginnering segment with latest updates and upgrades as also Channelizing the Health,medical as well as other realms towards betterment with Newness and Opulence Longing for the divine-driven Omniscient, Omnipotent and Omnipresent techniques Graduating the present scenario towards far-fetched and dream-come-true destinations with a craving yen to reach the summit.

#T.E.C.H.N.O.L.O.G.Y.

-Er. Rashi Gupta

––––––––

Boosting the sparkling serotonin and dopamine hormones Oozing out Oodles of Knowledge with Simplified serenity for the readers.

#BOOKS

-Er. Rashi Gupta

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply grateful for the completion of this remarkable work which feels like a miraculous culmination of support from various sources including divine energies, mentors, family, and my supervisors. This book is a testament to the teachings of many mentors and the unwavering support of my Mom Mrs. Nidhi Gupta, Dad Mr. Lakhpat Raj Gupta and my younger brother Er. Alakh Gupta.

Special thanks to all the reviewers, colleagues, teachers, and well-wishers who contributed to this journey.

Lastly, I am profoundly thankful for the divine support and the relentless encouragement of my family members & friends who inspired me at every step of this endeavour.

ABSTRACT

The main focus of this research is to solve the complex problems which are otherwise difficult to solve; by reducing them to solvable forms. The research question is how to find solutions for complex combinatorial optimization problems which entail large computations; and are likely to be solved on multi-core platform which increases the computation speed and also improves the efficiency as well as solution-finding.

This research suggests solutions for complex combinatorial optimization problems. It explores inherent parallelism in Swarm computing. It proposes to use multi-core processors due to their inherent parallelism to distribute the parallel operations in the problem solutions among various multi-cores. Multi-core platform is likely to be one of the most promising future technologies. The objective of the research is to explore the solutions/approximate solutions for complex combinatorial optimization problems.

It is hypothesized that the realization of Swarm Computing on the multi-core platform will lead to the solutions of complex combinatorial problems (at least to some approximations) which would be robust and achievable within realistic time limits. Otherwise, such problems are almost unsolvable and the solutions are brittle.

Due to the robustness of Swarm Computing, it is going to be used as a key technology to be implemented on multi-core platform. The key attributes of Swarm Computing are: robustness, reliability, evolution, redundancy and self-organization. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is going to rule the roost in the coming years. It’s invincibly a future technological breakthrough cracking & healing the cryptic codes with utmost ease and popped-up speed!

The clock‐speed wall has forced microprocessor vendors in their efforts to continue leveraging Moore’s Law to increase performance and reduce power through multiprocessing, producing chip multiprocessors with multiple processing cores per chip. To deliver competitive application performance on multi-core processors, many applications must be written (or rewritten) as parallel, multithreaded applications. Multithreaded development can be difficult, expensive, time‐consuming, and error-prone—and it requires new programming skill-sets. It is anticipated that the implementation of various models and algorithms of Swarm Intelligence as applied on the multi-core platform will probably give an innovative direction in the realm of Intelligent Computing & AI. Analysis, comparison and simulation will be a crucial part of the research methodology. The final outcome of the research will be an innovative lead in the area of Swarm Intelligence, which is undoubtedly the most-coveted subfield of Artificial Intelligence.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

  1.1 Introduction       #17

  1.2 Background       #18

  1.3 Research Objectives     #22

  1.4 Proposed Work      #23

  1.5 Research Methodology     #25

  1.6 Quite a few unsolved problems like TSP and others    #28

  1.7 Approximate solutions rather than actual problem

solutions        #31

  1.8 Expected Outcome       #33

  1.9 Summary        #36

Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Literature Review Unleashed    #37

  2.2.1 Evolutionary Computation   #38

  2.2.2 Swarm Intelligence    #39

  2.2.3 Ant Colony Optimization     #42

  2.2.4 Parallel Ant Colony Optimization    #45

  2.2.5 Multi-core Systems    #48

  2.3 Discussion        #50

  2.4 Summary        #51

Chapter 3: Practical Aspect

  3.1 Introduction to Clustering      #53

  3.2 Experiment        #55

  3.2.1 K-means algorithm    #57

  3.2.2 Parallel K-means algorithm   #59

  3.2.3 Exercise       #63

  3.3 Big Data, Parallelism & Multi-cores     #66

  3.4 Result & Discussion       #92

  3.5 Summary        #94

Chapter 4: Analysis & Reasoning

  4.1 Introduction      #96

  4.2 Multi-core Platforms, Languages, Tools & Simulators  #98

  4.3 Sorting       #111

  4.4 Experiment        #117

  4.5 Result & Discussion       #124

  4.6 Future Scope      #125

  4.7 Summary        #126

Chapter 5: The Journey Begins...

  5.1 Introduction      #128

  5.2 Past, Present & Future     #131

Keywords/Abbreviations/Acronyms     #160

CHAPTER 1

THE INTRODUCTION

-a sieve through the techno trends & core research

Introduction

Background

Research Objectives

Proposed Work

Research Methodology

Quite a few unsolved problems like TSP and others

Approximate solutions rather than actual problem solutions

Expected Outcome

Discussion

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The main focus of this research is to solve the real-life complex problems which are otherwise difficult to solve by reducing them to solvable forms. This research suggests solutions for complex combinatorial optimization problems which entail large computations and are likely to be solved on multi-core platforms that shall increase the computation speed and also improve the efficiency and solution-finding.

The proposed research draws upon the theory of Evolutionary Computation, Swarm Intelligence, Ant Colony Optimization, Parallel Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Intelligence and Multi-core Systems. This research explores and exploits the inherent parallelism in Swarm Computing. It mainly proposes to use multi-core processors due to their inherent parallelism to distribute the parallel operations in the problem solutions among the multiple cores. Multi-core platform is likely to be one of the most promising future technologies. The objective of this research is to discover the solutions/approximate solutions for complex combinatorial optimization problems.

BACKGROUND

It is hypothesized that the realization of Swarm Computing on the multi-core platform will lead to the solutions of complex combinatorial problems, at least to some approximation. The real-life complex combinatorial problems are otherwise, almost unsolvable; and their solutions, if any, are brittle. The key attributes of Swarm Computing are: robustness, reliability, evolution,