Practical Rust 1.x Cookbook, Second Edition

By Lloyd Frank

If you want to learn how to program in Rust and create strong, reliable apps with the most recent version Rust 1.68, then you need the "Practical Rust 1.x Cookbook (Second Edition)"—a book full of real-world solutions. An extensive collection of practical recipes covering a wide range of topics, this edition expands upon the first and guarantees that you will be well-versed in the complexities of Rust.

 

You will learn the fundamentals of programming, how to set up a development environment, and the syntax of Rust in the first few chapters. Data structures, pattern matching, error handling, and concurrency are all covered in the recipes, which will set you up for success with more complex topics.As you go through the book, you'll learn how to write efficient and secure code by managing memory, using Rust's ownership model, and borrowing rules. You will gain an understanding of how to make use of robust Rust features such as traits, generics, and lifetimes to build code that is both flexible and reusable. The testing and debugging chapters provide the necessary tools and techniques to guarantee that your applications are dependable and free of bugs.

 

Using profiling tools like valgrind and perf, the cookbook teaches you how to find and fix performance bottlenecks, which is a major focus of performance optimization. By learning about SIMD instructions, compiler optimization flags, and parallel processing with libraries like rayon, you can greatly improve the efficiency of your code. In the more advanced chapters, you will learn how to use static and dynamic analysis, fuzz testing, and external high-performance libraries to make your applications even better. In no time at all, you will be able to build robust, high-performance Rust applications by following these potent recipes and becoming an expert Rust programmer.

 

Key Learnings

• Learn the ins and outs of Rust's ownership model to avoid data races and make sure memory is safe.
• Develop your skills in pattern matching and advanced error handling to create code that is both strong and easy to maintain.
• Use the robust primitives and rayon library in Rust to implement parallelism and concurrency.
• Use the perf, valgrind, and SIMD instructions to optimize performance for efficient execution.
• Carry out thorough fuzz testing and static analysis with clippy and cargo-fuzz.
• Enable efficient memory management by studying high-performance libraries such as hashbrown and jemalloc.
• With diesel and sqlx, you can manage databases and make queries and integrations a breeze.
• Optimize the deployment of Rust applications and establish CI/CD pipelines.

• Language: English
• Publisher: GitforGits
• Release date: Jun 7, 2024
• ISBN: 9798227499516

Book preview

Practical Rust 1.x Cookbook

Second Edition

100+ Solutions for beginners to practice rust programming across CI/CD, kubernetes, networking, code performance and microservices

Llyod Frank

Preface

If you want to learn how to program in Rust and create strong, reliable apps with the most recent version Rust 1.68, then you need the Practical Rust 1.x Cookbook (Second Edition)—a book full of real-world solutions. An extensive collection of practical recipes covering a wide range of topics, this edition expands upon the first and guarantees that you will be well-versed in the complexities of Rust.

You will learn the fundamentals of programming, how to set up a development environment, and the syntax of Rust in the first few chapters. Data structures, pattern matching, error handling, and concurrency are all covered in the recipes, which will set you up for success with more complex topics.

As you go through the book, you'll learn how to write efficient and secure code by managing memory, using Rust's ownership model, and borrowing rules. You will gain an understanding of how to make use of robust Rust features such as traits, generics, and lifetimes to build code that is both flexible and reusable. The testing and debugging chapters provide the necessary tools and techniques to guarantee that your applications are dependable and free of bugs.

Using profiling tools like valgrind and perf, the cookbook teaches you how to find and fix performance bottlenecks, which is a major focus of performance optimization. By learning about SIMD instructions, compiler optimization flags, and parallel processing with libraries like rayon, you can greatly improve the efficiency of your code.

In the more advanced chapters, you will learn how to use static and dynamic analysis, fuzz testing, and external high-performance libraries to make your applications even better. In no time at all, you will be able to build robust, high-performance Rust applications by following these potent recipes and becoming an expert Rust programmer.

In this book you will learn how to:

Learn the ins and outs of Rust's ownership model to avoid data races and make sure memory is safe.

Develop your skills in pattern matching and advanced error handling to create code that is both strong and easy to maintain.

Use the robust primitives and rayon library in Rust to implement parallelism and concurrency.

Use the perf, valgrind, and SIMD instructions to optimize performance for efficient execution.

Carry out thorough fuzz testing and static analysis with clippy and cargo-fuzz.

Enable efficient memory management by studying high-performance libraries such as hashbrown and jemalloc.

With diesel and sqlx, you can manage databases and make queries and integrations a breeze.

Optimize the deployment of Rust applications and establish CI/CD pipelines.

Prologue

Welcome to the second edition of the Practical Rust 1.x Cookbook. I'm Lloyd Frank, and I'm excited to help you master Rust programming. This book is an updated version of the first edition written by the prestigious Rustacean team, and it is intended to help you become a skilled Rust developer capable of creating powerful, robust applications.

My initial impression of Rust was that it had a refreshingly original take on performance and security. Rust's ownership model, which guarantees memory safety in the absence of a garbage collector, was a game changer. As I delved deeper, I realized Rust has enormous potential for developing high-performance, reliable software. This book is my attempt to convey that excitement and knowledge to you. In this edition, I've kept the core structure and strengths of the first edition while incorporating the most recent Rust 1.68 improvements. The goal is to provide you with practical, hands-on recipes that will teach you Rust while also preparing you for real-world programming challenges. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced developer, this book is tailored to your needs.

We start with the fundamental concepts of Rust, such as ownership, borrowing, and lifetimes. These are the Rust building blocks that keep your programs free of memory leaks and data races. I've included numerous examples and exercises to help you grasp these concepts before moving on to more advanced topics. Concurrency and parallelism are critical for modern applications, and Rust excels in this regard. You will learn how to use Rust's concurrency primitives and libraries such as rayon to create efficient multi-threaded programs. We will look at how to manage threads, synchronize with Mutex and RwLock, and use channels to communicate safely between threads. These recipes will help you build scalable and responsive applications.

Performance optimization is another important topic covered in this book. Perf and valgrind will teach you how to identify and eliminate performance bottlenecks in your code. We'll go over compiler optimization flags and SIMD instructions, so you can write more efficient code. By the end of these chapters, you will be skilled at extracting the most performance from your Rust programs. Security and robustness are critical in software development. Rust's strong type system and ownership model naturally provide a high level of security. However, to ensure that your applications are bulletproof, we will go over fuzz testing with cargo-fuzz and static analysis with clippy and Miri. These tools will assist you in identifying vulnerabilities and bugs early in the development process, making your code more reliable. Web development is another exciting topic we'll discuss.

One of the book's most notable features is the collection of over 100 solution-focused recipes. These recipes offer practical solutions to common programming challenges, allowing you to apply what you've learned to real-world situations. These recipes cover a wide range of topics required for a successful backend developer or full-stack programmer, from CI/CD pipeline setup to Rust application deployment.

As you progress through the chapters, you'll realize that this book is about more than just learning Rust; it's also about becoming a better programmer. The principles and practices you'll learn here apply beyond Rust, making you a more versatile and effective developer. Whether you want to expand your Rust knowledge, switch from another language, or begin your programming career, Practical Rust 1.x Cookbook is your comprehensive resource.

Sincerely,

Lloyd Frank

Copyright © 2024 by GitforGits

All rights reserved. This book is protected under copyright laws and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any unauthorized reproduction, distribution, or transmission of this work may result in civil and criminal penalties and will be dealt with in the respective jurisdiction at anywhere in India, in accordance with the applicable copyright laws.

Published by: GitforGits

Publisher: Sonal Dhandre

www.gitforgits.com

[e-mail]

Printed in India

First Printing: June 2024

Cover Design by: Kitten Publishing

For permission to use material from this book, please contact GitforGits at [e-mail].

Content

Preface

GitforGits

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1: Setting up and Configuring Rust Environment

Introduction

Recipe#1: Installing Rust Compiler

Download the Rust Installer

Run the Installer

Verify the Installation

Install rustup

Verify rustup installation

Install a specific Rust version

Set a default Rust version

Recipe#2: Creating New Rust Project

Create a New Rust Project

Recipe#3: Managing Dependencies to your Project

Add Dependencies

Remove Dependencies

Modify Dependencies

Recipe#4: Installing Visual Studio Code IDE for Rust

Install Rust Extension in VS Code

Configure VS Code for Rust Development

Recipe#5: Supporting Non-Rust Tools and Libraries

Determine the Library Details

Add the Dependency

Use the Dependency in Your Code

Recipe#6: Setting up Code Testing Tools

Use Built-in Testing Tools

Add quickcheck Dependency

Add proptest Dependency

Recipe#7: Setting up Rust in Cloud-based IDE

Choose a Cloud-Based IDE

Sign Up or Log In

Create a New Workspace

Configure the Workspace

Start the Workspace

Verify the Rust Installation

Creating a New Rust Project

Build and Run the Project

Summary

Chapter 2: Hands-on Traits, Enums and Struct

Introduction

Recipe#1: Working with Traits

Recipe#2: Define Function inside Traits

Recipe#3: How to Define Enums?

Recipe#4: Tips and Considerations regarding Enums

Variant Values with Types and Fields

Pattern Matching with ‘match’ Expression

Using If Let Expressions

Deriving Traits for Enums

Recipe#5: Parsing and Interpreting Enum Arguments

Parsing Arguments

Parsing Enum Arguments

Interpreting Enum Arguments

Recipe#6: Initialize Array of Structs

Define Struct and Arrays of Struct

Initialize Array of Structs using Loop

Initializing Arrays with Default Values

Combining Loops and Default Trait

Recipe#7: Cloning Structs

Why Cloning?

Implementing the Clone Trait

Cloning an Array of Structs

Summary

Chapter 3: Pattern Matching, Concurrency, Pointers and Modules

Recipe#1: Pattern Matching with Enum

Need for Pattern Matching with Enums

Implementing Pattern Matching

Recipe#2: Working with Tokio

Basics about Tokio

Installing and Configuring Tokio

Recipe #3: Writing Concurrent Programs

What is Concurrency?

Procedure to Build Concurrent Programs

Implementing Concurrency

Recipe #4: Working with Raw Pointers

Why Raw Pointers?

How to Use Raw Pointers

Using Multiple Raw Pointers

Recipe #5: Working with Smart Pointers

Understanding Smart Pointers

Using Box Smart Pointer

Using Rc Smart Pointer

Smart Pointers vs. Raw Pointers

Recipe #6: Using ‘mod’ Modules

Declaring Modules

Using Modules

Advantages of Using Modules

Implementing Modules in an Existing Rust Program

Summary

Chapter 4: Using Declarative and Procedural Macros

Introduction

Recipe #1: Declaring and Implementing Declarative Macros

Defining Declarative Macros

Creating Declarative Macros

Recipe #2: Debugging Declarative Macros

Steps to Debug Declarative Macros

Debugging a Series of Declarative Macros

Recipe #3: Derive Macro for Implementing Traits

Understanding Derive Macros

Implementing Derive Macros

Recipe #4: Using Function-like Macros

Understanding Function-like Macros

Implementing Function-like Macros

Recipe #5: Using Attribute Macros

Understanding Attribute Macros

Implementing Attribute Macros

Recipe #6: Debugging Procedural Macros

Tips and Tricks to Debug Procedural Macros

Techniques of Debugging

Summary

Chapter 5: Implementing Concurrency and Multithreading

Introduction

Recipe #1: Implementing Concurrent Threadsafe Queues

Using Arc>

Using std::sync::mpsc::channel()

Using crossbeam::channel::bounded()

Recipe #2: Implementing Concurrent Hash Maps

Understanding Concurrent Hash Maps

Using Arc>>

Using Rayon for Concurrent Hash Maps

Recipe #3: Using Synchronization Mechanisms

Using Mutual Exclusion Lock (Mutex)

Using Read-Write Lock (RwLock)

Using Atomic Variables

Recipe #4: Designing Efficient Parallel Algorithms

Understanding Parallel Algorithms

Using Rayon for Parallel Algorithms

Using rayon::join

Using std::thread

Recipe #5: Debugging and Testing Concurrent Programs

Tips and Techniques

Debugging Using rayon and crossbeam

Recipe #6: Optimizing Concurrent Programs

Procedure Steps to Rust Optimization

Optimizing Rust Program Using Rayon

Recipe #7: Dealing with Deadlocks and Livelocks

Understanding Deadlocks and Livelocks

Dealing with Deadlocks

Dealing with Livelocks

Summary

Chapter 6: Asynchronous Programming

Introduction

Recipe #1: Defining Asynchronous Functions

Async Keyword

Using Futures and Executors

Recipe #2: Running Asynchronous Tasks

Using Tokio for Asynchronous Tasks

Using async-std for Asynchronous Tasks

Recipe #3: Error Handling in Asynchronous Code

Using Result Type: Ok and Err

Using the ? Operator

Recipe #4: Debugging Asynchronous Code

Using Tokio-test Crate

Using futures::executor::ThreadPool for Debugging

Recipe #5: Working with Asynchronous I/O

Performing Asynchronous I/O using Tokio

Performing Asynchronous I/O using async-std

Recipe #6: Working with Channels and MPSC/SPSC Communication Patterns

Using Channel Function to Create MPSC

Using Channel Function to Create SPSC

Recipe #7: Implementing Asynchronous Networking

Asynchronous Networking with Tokio

Asynchronous Networking with async-std

Recipe #8: Integrate with Asynchronous Libraries

Using tokio-sync to Integrate Asynchronous Tasks

Using the futures crate to Coordinate Asynchronous Tasks

Summary

Chapter 7: Developing REST and SOAP APIs

Introduction

Recipe#1: Creating SOAP APIs

What are SOAP APIs?

Creating SOAP API using xml-rs

Recipe#2: Building RESTful APIs

What are REST APIs?

Building REST API using serde

Recipe#3: Automating API Documentation

Automating API Documentation using rustdoc

Recipe#4: Managing API Orchestration

Need of API Orchestration

Managing API Orchestration using Ocelot

Recipe #5: Adding Security to API

Securing API using Actix

Recipe #6: Monitoring API

Using Prometheus

Monitoring Errors in API

Checking API Usage

Summary

Chapter 8: Building Microservices & Architectures

Introduction

Recipe #1: Applying Fine-Grained SOA

What is Fine-Grained SOA?

Implementing Fine-Grained SOA

Recipe #2: Layering APIs

Exploring API Layering

Implementing API Layering

Recipe #3: Implementing Event-Driven Communication Pattern

Event-Driven Communication Pattern

Implementing Event-Driven Communication Pattern

Recipe #4: Programming Middlewares

Programming Middlewares for a Logging Service

Stacking Multiple Middlewares

Recipe #5: End-to-End API Testing

Running End-to-End API Testing

Recipe #6: Splitting Monoliths with Strangler Fig Pattern

Strangler Fig Pattern

Implementing Strangler Fig Pattern

Recipe #7: Autoscaling Rust Programs

Rust Libraries for Autoscaling Applications

Autoscaling Rust Applications

Summary

Chapter 9: Working around CI/CD

Introduction

Recipe #1: Setting up Version Control Repository

Setting up a Git Repository

Managing Branches

Advanced Git Features

Stashing Changes

Reverting Changes

Tagging