Trackpad iPro Ver. 4.0 Class 4: Windows 10 & MS Office 2019

By Team Orange

Computers have become an integral part of our education system. Computer Science is now not limited to just teaching definitions and commands. Instead, it helps the learners to understand and appreciate the varied uses of computers and its vast applications.
Trackpad iPRO (Ver. 4.0) series based on Windows 10 and MS Office 2019 is comprehensively

• Language: English
• Publisher: Orange Education Pvt Ltd.
• Release date: Jun 12, 2024
• ISBN: 9789395141215

Book preview

Chapter 01

Computers-Storage and Memory Device

When you were a child, you were taught about alphabets and numbers. Do you still remember it? How? This is because these were stored in your memory. Just like human memory, computers also have memory to store all the data and instructions for performing various tasks.

Data and Information

In your daily life, you come across a lot of facts and figures in the form of numbers, images, etc. These are called data. You can say that a collection of raw and unorganised facts is known as data. When you organise the data and provide a specific context, it can be called information.

memory

The data and instructions that are entered into the computer using input devices are to be stored inside the memory. There are two types of memory:

Primary Memory

Secondary Memory

Primary Memory

This is the main memory of the computer. The CPU can directly access this memory. It is fixed on the motherboard of the computer.

Primary memory is further divided into two types:

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is a temporary memory. The information stored in this memory is lost when the computer is turned off. That’s why it is also called volatile memory. It stores data and instructions given by the user and also the results produced by the computer temporarily.

Types of RAM:

Dynamic RAM (DRAM): It requires continuous power to refresh the data stored.

Static RAM (SRAM): It also requires constant power to hold on to data, but it doesn’t need to be continually refreshed the way DRAM does.

However, SRAM is significantly faster and uses less power than DRAM.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

Information stored in ROM is permanent in nature, i.e., it holds the data even if the system is switched off. It holds the starting instructions that are required to start a computer. It is also called non-volatile memory.

Secondary Memory

This memory is permanent in nature and is not directly accessed by the CPU. It allows users to store data that may be easily retrieved. It is cheaper compared to primary memory.

Secondary memory devices are also called secondary storage devices. They are categorised into three types:

Magnetic Disk

A hard disk covered with a magnetic coating is callled a Magnetic disk. You can record and erase data on a magnetic disk any number of