Corsica Between Tradition and Wild Beauty

By NATHALIE GAUME

This book is an invitation to discover Corsica, rightly nicknamed the 'Island of Beauty'. Through its pages, immerse yourself in the cultural and historical wealth of this unique land, explore its varied landscapes, and savour its renowned gastronomy. 

**Culture and History

The first chapter takes you deep into Corsica's roots, exploring its fascinating history from prehistoric times to the modern era. Discover the lively traditions and local festivals that punctuate island life, and soak up the Corsican soul through its picturesque villages, historic monuments and captivating museums.

**Corsican Gastronomy

The second chapter celebrates Corsican cuisine, renowned for its authentic flavours and quality local produce. Learn more about the artisanal charcuterie, tasty cheeses, traditional dishes and sweet treats for which the island is famous. Each section offers an overview of culinary specialities and must-try recipes, highlighting Corsica's gastronomic heritage.

**Activities and Adventures

The third chapter is an invitation to adventure, guiding you through the many outdoor activities that Corsica has to offer. Whether you enjoy hiking, water sports or cultural visits, this guide offers detailed itineraries to help you make the most of your stay. From heavenly beaches to rugged mountains, hidden villages and archaeological sites, every page is a promise of discovery and relaxation.

**Discovery Days

Finally, the book suggests daily itineraries to explore the island in the best possible way. From Porto-Vecchio to Bonifacio, via Corte and the Alta Rocca, each day is carefully planned to offer a complete and memorable experience. 

With this comprehensive guide, set off to discover Corsica and let yourself be charmed by its natural, cultural and gastronomic treasures. Whether you're a seasoned traveller or a first-time visitor, this book is your ideal companion for a total immersion in the magic of the Isle of Beauty.

• Language: English
• Publisher: NATHALIE GAUME
• Release date: Jun 19, 2024
• ISBN: 9798224211944

Book preview

Introduction

Corsica, also known as the Isle of Beauty, is a Mediterranean island located in the southeast of France, about 170 km from the French Riviera. It is a region that makes you dream with its varied landscapes, its paradisiacal beaches, its majestic mountains, and its rich cultural and historical heritage. But Corsica is much more than just a tourist destination; It is a unique territory with a strong identity, forged by centuries of tumultuous history and a deep-rooted local culture.

Geography and Climate

Corsica covers an area of 8,680 km², making it the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean after Sicily, Sardinia and Cyprus. It is about 183 km long and 83 km wide, with a coastline of more than 1,000 km, offering a diversity of landscapes ranging from sandy beaches to steep cliffs.

Mountains and Relief

Corsica is often described as a mountain in the sea. About two-thirds of its territory is made up of mountains, with more than 120 peaks exceeding 2,000 meters in altitude. The highest point is Monte Cinto, which reaches 2,706 meters. The central mountain range, which runs from northwest to southeast, divides the island into two distinct parts: Corse-du-Sud and Haute-Corse.

This mountainous geography creates a multitude of microclimates. Thus, in a single day, you can go from the snow-capped peaks in winter to the sunny beaches of the coast. The mountains are covered with dense forests of laricio pines and chestnut trees, providing a rich habitat for a unique biodiversity.

Rivers and Lakes

Corsica is crossed by numerous rivers and torrents that descend from the mountains to the sea, creating spectacular gorges and green valleys. The most important rivers are the Golo, the Tavignano and the Taravo. The island also has several mountain lakes, such as Lake Nino and Lake Melo, which are popular destinations for hiking.

Climate

Corsica's climate is typically Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. However, due to its rugged terrain, Corsica also experiences significant climatic variations. Coastal regions enjoy a mild climate year-round, while mountainous areas can experience significant snowfall in winter. Spring and autumn are usually the best seasons to visit, with pleasant temperatures and lush nature.

History

Prehistory and Antiquity

The first traces of human occupation in Corsica date back to around 9,000 BCE, as evidenced by the numerous megalithic sites scattered around the island. The most famous are the statue-menhirs of Filitosa, in the south of the island, which date from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages.

During ancient times, Corsica was colonized by various civilizations, including the Phoenicians, Greeks, and Etruscans. The Greeks, who called it Kalliste (the most beautiful), founded the city of Alalia (now Aleria) around 565 BCE. The Romans then conquered the island in 259 BCE, turning it into a Roman province. They left many remains, including amphitheatres, aqueducts and villas, visible in particular in Aleria and Mariana.

Middle Ages and Genoese Period

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Corsica experienced a period of turmoil with barbarian invasions and attempts at domination by the Vandals, Byzantines, and Lombards. At the beginning of the Middle Ages, the island came under the control of the Church, then of the local lordships.

In 1284, the Republic of Genoa took control of Corsica, ushering in a period of Genoese rule that would last nearly five centuries. The Genoese left a lasting mark on the island, especially through the architecture (citadels, Genoese towers, churches) and the social structure. They also introduced the cultivation of chestnuts, which would become a staple food for the Corsicans.

Revolt and Independence

The eighteenth century was marked by a series of revolts against Genoese rule, led by emblematic figures such as Sampiero Corso and Pasquale Paoli. In 1755, Pasquale Paoli proclaimed the independence of Corsica and established a democratic constitution, one of the first in Europe. However, this period of independence was short-lived.

In 1768, the Republic of Genoa, unable to maintain its control over the island, ceded Corsica to France by the Treaty of Versailles. French troops invaded the island and, after fierce resistance, Corsica was incorporated into the Kingdom of France in 1769, the same year that Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio.

Modern and Contemporary Era

During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Corsica underwent significant economic and social transformations. Agriculture, especially viticulture and olive cultivation, has long been the main economic activity. However, the insularity and lack of infrastructure led to a massive emigration of Corsicans to the French mainland and the colonies.

After World War II, the island benefited from economic development programs, but social and political tensions remained high. In the 1970s, Corsican nationalist movements emerged, demanding more autonomy and sometimes independence. These demands have sometimes led to violence and attacks.

Since the 2000s, the situation has calmed down, and Corsica has obtained a special status with more autonomy. The region continues to enhance its cultural and natural heritage, attracting thousands of visitors every year who are seduced by its charms.

Population and Societies

Demography

Corsica has about 340,000 inhabitants, divided between the two departments of Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud. The main cities are Ajaccio, the prefecture of Corse-du-Sud, and Bastia, the prefecture of Haute-Corse. The population is mainly concentrated on the coasts, with inland regions being more rural and less populated.

Identity and Language

Corsican identity is deeply marked by its history and geography. Corsicans are proud of their culture, language and traditions. Corsican, a Romance language close to Italian, is still widely spoken and taught in schools. Corsican polyphonic songs, often religious or linked to daily life, are a central element of local culture.

Lifestyle

The way of life in Corsica is influenced by the insularity and nature. Corsicans have a strong attachment to their land and their traditions. Agriculture, fishing and handicrafts remain important activities, although tourism has become the main economic driver of the island. Local markets, traditional festivals and cultural events punctuate daily life.

Economy

Agriculture and Handicrafts

Corsican agriculture is diversified, with quality productions recognized. Viticulture is particularly developed, with appellations d'origine contrôlée (AOC) such as Patrimonio wine and Corsican wine. Olive groves produce a renowned olive oil, and the chestnut, nicknamed the breadfruit tree of Corsica, is used in many dishes and artisanal products.

Livestock farming is also important, especially for the production of cheeses (brocciu, Corsican tomme) and charcuterie (prisuttu, coppa, figatellu). Traditional crafts, such as pottery, basketry and cutlery, are still practiced and valued.

Tourism

Tourism is the main source of income for the Corsican economy. Every year, millions of visitors come to discover the island's exceptional landscapes, beaches, mountains and picturesque villages. Outdoor activities, such as hiking, climbing, scuba diving and sailing, are particularly popular.

Economic Challenges

Despite its assets, Corsica faces significant economic challenges. Insularity and the lack of transport infrastructure limit trade and development. Unemployment, especially among young people, remains high. Efforts are under way to diversify the economy, promote sustainable development and improve infrastructure.

Natural heritage

Parks and Reserves

Corsica is home to several natural parks and reserves that protect its exceptional biodiversity. The Corsica Regional Natural Park covers about a third of the island and includes much of the central mountain range. It offers a multitude of hiking trails and protects a variety of fauna and flora, including some endemic species.

The UNESCO World Heritage Scandola and Lavezzi Islands Nature Reserves are sanctuaries for many marine and terrestrial species. These sites are accessible by boat and offer spectacular scenery.

Biodiversity

Corsica is a true paradise for nature lovers. Its biodiversity is rich and varied, with unique animal and plant species. Among the emblematic animals are the Corsican mouflon, the osprey, and the Hermann's tortoise. The flora includes dense scrubland, laricio pine forests, chestnut groves, and a multitude of aromatic and medicinal plants.

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Coastal landscapes

The Corsican coasts offer a diversity of seascapes, from white sandy beaches to rocky coves. The beaches of Palombaggia, Santa Giulia, and Rondinara, located in the south of the island, are among the most beautiful in the Mediterranean. The cliffs of Bonifacio, in the south of the island, plunge spectacularly into the sea, creating breathtaking panoramas.

Mountains and Forests

The Corsican mountains are an ideal playground for hiking and climbing enthusiasts. The famous GR20, which crosses the island from north to south, is one of the most difficult long-distance hiking trails in Europe. The forests of Restonica and Asco, with their crystal clear rivers and waterfalls, offer enchanting landscapes for hikers and nature lovers.

Cultural heritage

Architecture

Corsican architecture is a testimony to its history and its varied influences. The Genoese citadels, such as those of Calvi and Bonifacio, dominate the coastal towns and offer breathtaking views of the sea. Romanesque and Baroque churches, such as those of Castagniccia, are architectural treasures. The traditional stone houses, with their slate roofs, are typical of mountain villages.

Historic Sites

The island is full of historical sites that tell of its rich and tumultuous past. The prehistoric sites of Filitosa and Cucuruzzu, the Roman remains of Aleria and Mariana, and the Genoese towers that line the coast are all witnesses to the different periods of Corsican history.

Arts and Crafts

Arts and crafts occupy an important place in Corsican culture. Pottery, basketry, cutlery, and coral jewelry making are traditional skills passed down from generation to generation. Local markets, such as the one in Bastia, are meeting places where you can discover these unique handicrafts.

Conclusion

Corsica is a multi-faceted island, where wild nature rubs shoulders with a rich cultural and historical heritage. Its varied geography, breathtaking landscapes, and unique culture make it a destination of choice for travelers in search of authenticity and beauty. Whether you are a history buff, a nature lover, or an epicurean looking for new flavors, Corsica will seduce and surprise you.

Historical Overview of Corsica

Introduction

The history of Corsica is rich and complex, marked by periods of colonization, revolt, and the quest for independence. This Mediterranean island has been influenced by many civilizations over the centuries, each leaving an indelible mark on its heritage and culture. This historical overview retraces the major stages of Corsican history, from prehistoric times to the present day.

Prehistory and Antiquity

First human traces

The first traces of human occupation in Corsica date back to around 9,000 BC. Archaeological sites, such as those of Filitosa and Cucuruzzu, testify to the presence of Neolithic populations. These early inhabitants left behind megalithic monuments, dolmens and menhirs, which are among the oldest in Europe.

The site of Filitosa, located in the Taravo region, is particularly noteworthy. Discovered in 1946 by Charles-Antoine Cesari, it includes sculpted statue-menhirs representing human faces and weapons. These sculptures, dated to the Bronze Age, show an organized and advanced society for the time.

Greek and Etruscan colonization

Around 565 BCE, the Greeks of Phocaea founded the city of Alalia (now Aleria) on the east coast of the island. This colony quickly became an important commercial center, facilitating trade between Corsica and other Mediterranean civilizations. The Greeks call the island Kalliste, meaning the most beautiful, because of its enchanting landscapes.

At the same time, the Etruscans, a civilization of central Italy, also exerted an influence on the island, particularly through commercial and cultural exchanges. The Etruscans left archaeological traces, including pottery and metal objects, which testify to their presence and interactions with local populations.

Roman Conquest

In 259 BCE, Corsica fell under Roman rule after the First Punic War. The island was integrated into the province of Sardinia and Corsica, and the Romans undertook to develop it economically and militarily. They built roads, aqueducts, and cities, the ruins of which can still be seen today in Aleria and Mariana.

The Romans exploited the island's natural resources, including timber, minerals, and agricultural products. They also introduced new agricultural techniques, such as the cultivation of olive trees and vines, which would become key elements of the Corsican economy. The local population gradually adopted the Latin language and Roman culture, although sporadic revolts testified to resistance