On "What Is Man" (1905). Twain describes a person as a machine. We have no free will and always act to win our own self-approval. This was a bleak enough picture that the essay was not printed until after Twain's death. Part two of this episode is only going to be available to you if you sign up at partiallyexaminedlife.com/support or via Apple Podcasts. Sponsors: Find a doctor fast with the free Zocdoc app at zocdoc.com/PEL. Get 20% off your first box off cool stuff from Bespoke Post at boxofawesome.com (code pel). Have a donation to charity of up to $250 matched through givewell.org/PEL. Learn about St. John's College at sjc.edu/pel.