We welcome back, a biomedical scientist, professor, and expert on insulin resistance, Dr. Benjamin Bikman.  Dr. Benjamin Bikman studies diabetes and obesity, and much of what he focuses on is a seemingly obscure condition called insulin resistance. But it's, in fact, not very obscure at all. What is insulin resistance? Why did Dr. Benjamin Bikman devote his career to studying something like this? Well, insulin resistance is essentially two things. First of all, some cells in your body aren't responding very well to the hormone insulin. Second, you have more insulin than you did before, a condition called hyperinsulinemia. Dr. Bikman's research focus is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that mediate the disruption that causes and accompanies metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dementia. Driven by his academic training (Ph.D. in Bioenergetics and postdoctoral fellowship with the Duke-National University of Singapore in metabolic disorders), he is currently exploring the different roles of insulin and ketones as critical drivers of metabolic function. He frequently publishes his research in peer-reviewed journals and presents at international science meetings. In this episode, Dr. Bikman dives deep into his book, Why We Get Sick and how 88% of US adults may have insulin resistance. Dr. Bikman speaks about why we have insulin resistance and how you can test for insulin resistance at home. Dr. Bikman recommends that we all have a small blood pressure cuff at home. Then, Dr. Bikman talks all about fasting – what are the best ways to end a fast, what are the worst ways to end a fast, and why "wrecking your metabolism" simply doesn't make sense. Stay tuned, as Dr. Bikman reveals what we can do to prevent insulin resistance.   // E P I S O D E   S P ON S O R S  PureForm Omega Plant Based Oils (Best Alternative to Fish Oil): http://www.purelifescience.com Use ben4 for $4.00 off. [00:40] About Why We Get Sick The more Dr. Bikman studies insulin resistance, the more flustered he gets. It’s something so few people know about. There are three segments of the book: Defining insulin resistance Why insulin resistance matters What to do about insulin resistance 88% of US adults may have insulin resistance because they have at least one out of five characteristics of metabolic syndrome: Expanded waist circumference High blood pressure High glucose High triglycerides Low HDL Get Why We Get Sick: The Hidden Epidemic at the Root of Most Chronic Disease―and How to Fight It [05:30] Signs You Have Insulin Resistance Your skin can be a window to the metabolic soul. Two pronounced skin disorders are wholly connected with insulin resistance: Skin tags Dark spots Infertility and erectile dysfunction can be a sign of insulin resistance. [08:00] How to Test Insulin Resistance at Home Buy a small blood pressure cuff that you can put around your wrist. After fasting, and you notice your blood pressure goes down, that’s a sign of insulin resistance. Insulin controls fuel use. At any moment, it’s a sugar burner or a fat burner. Insulin will dictate that fuel use in the body. Ketones can only be made when the body is in a high state of fat burning. If it takes a long time to measure ketones on a ketone meter, then it may be sign of insulin resistance. If you are in ketosis, your insulin is going down. If your glucose is high, that’s a big question. It could be that you are overeating and snacking too often. Or, it could mean there is an exaggerated hormone response to the fast. [13:45] The Best Way to Break a Fast vs. the Worst Way to Break a Fast A seven day fast is a little extreme. If a person is overweight, they need to be smart enough about doing a long fast. The longer a person is in a fast, the lower the insulin is getting. However, our potassium and sodium pump will slow down. The kidneys wills start to dump potassium – they haven’t got the message to stop. So, the person will risk dying by changing the potassiu