People have been fascinated with Neanderthals since they were first discovered in the mid-1800s. For a long time, they have been seen as dumb, brutish cavemen. As more discoveries have been made in the past few decades, our picture of who Neanderthals were and how they lived has shifted dramatically. In this episode we talk with Shara Bailey, a Leakey Foundation grantee and professor at New York University, about our closest extinct relatives. Who were the Neanderthals? And why did they disappear? Links The Makers of the Protoaurignacian and implications for Neanderthal extinction Humans mated with Neanderthals much earlier and more frequently than thought Thank Neanderthals for your immune system Leakeyfoundation.org/donate Sponsored by Adept Word Management Credits Edited by Audrey Quinn Theme song by Henry Nagle Additional music by Lee Rosevere, Podington Bear, and Blue Dot Sessions