Thanks to a collab between trees and the sun, we can now pinpoint an exact year that the Vikings were in North America. Plus, are sirens actually effective tools for emergency vehicles? And why are apples associated with Halloween? Like what is up with apple bobbing?Sponsor:Shopify, Get a 14-day free trial at shopify.com/kottkeLinks:Vikings visited North America in 1021 AD, long before Columbus (Syfy)Vikings Were in the Americas Exactly 1,000 Years Ago (NY Times)Sirens: Loud, Ineffective and Risky, Experts Say (NY Times)The Secret, Steamy History Of Halloween Apples (NPR)Halloween: From Pagan Ritual to Party Night by Nicholas RogersHow to Tell If Your Onions Are Linked to a Salmonella Outbreak (LifeHacker)Salmonella Outbreak Linked to Onions (CDC)Kottke.OrgJackson Bird on TwitterSee Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.