What are the most pressing humanitarian needs in Afghanistan? How can the country preserve its health system? Former Afghanistan government public health director Dr. Mohammad Haqmal and Dr. Ayesha Ahmad highlight the main issues, and Prof. Muhammad Zaman discusses the changing needs of refugees worldwide as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.Further reading:Urgent health and humanitarian needs of the Afghan population under the Taliban:https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01963-2/fulltext