In this episode from the series “Key Decisions in HIV Care,” W. David Hardy, MD, and Josep M. Llibre, MD, PhD, discuss important considerations for ART use in the context of virologic failure and resistance, including:A discussion of the definitions of the following: highly treatment experienced, complex ART, multidrug-resistant HIV, and limited treatment optionsThe scope of the problem, including data from the CNICS cohortDHHS and EACS guideline recommendations on the management of virologic failure and drug resistance, including recommendations for the use of genotypic and phenotypic genotyping and proviral DNA sequencingConstruction of an optimized background regimen with discussion of the OPTIONS, DAWNING, NADIA, and VIKING-3 trialsNovel treatment options, including ibalizumab and data from TMB-301/-311, fostemsavir and data from BRIGHTE, and lenacapavir and data from CAPELLAPresenters:W. David Hardy, MDScientific and Medical ConsultantAdjunct Clinical Professor of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesKeck School of Medicine of USCLos Angeles, CaliforniaJosep M. Llibre, MD, PhDS­enior Consultant Physician and Clinical ResearcherInfectious Disease and “Fight against AIDS and Infectious Diseases Foundation”Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaBarcelona, Spain  Content based on an online CME program supported by educational grants from Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen Therapeutics, Division of Janssen Products, LP; and ViiV Healthcare.Follow along with the slides at: https://bit.ly/3z9AtL0Link to full program:https://bit.ly/2TXTYWx