Amid the historical predominance of large-scale WASH infrastructure projects, the potential of “off-grid” sanitation solutions as a key component of robust sanitation economies has often been overlooked due to slower technological advancements and perceived investment challenges. However, this trajectory is gradually evolving, and the momentum towards scaling securely managed off-grid solutions is steadily growing, with organizations like the Sanitation and Hygiene Fund (SHF) playing a pivotal role in fostering this transition across low- and middle-income countries with an initial focus in Africa.In a recent dialogue with Dominic O'Neil, the Executive Director of SHF, the significance of this shifting landscape became apparent as well as the economic and investment opportunities intrinsic to the sanitation economy. Drawing lessons from the Indian sanitation economy and marketplace’s experience, our conversation illuminated the need for socio-political acceptance of off-grid solutions and emphasized the essential nature of country-led strategies in market-driven solutions, coupled with the imperative of avoiding unsustainable national debt levels. Dominic shed light on SHF's explorations into innovative financing avenues, ranging from municipal financing to bilateral grants, aimed at nurturing development without placing undue burdens on nations. Additionally, we underscored the paramount importance of incorporating inclusivity, climate responsiveness, and gender considerations to fully unlock the transformative impact potential of thriving sanitation economies. Visit https://dalberg.com/ to learn more about us and www.washincities.org to learn more about the podcast.