For Urologists, there are not that many papers that come along where we can say - "this will almost immediately change my practice". But KEYNOTE-564 looks like one of those! A large phase III randomised trial of adjuvant pembro following nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in patients deemed at higher risk for recurrence. Regular listeners/viewers might remember we discussed this on GU Cast back in August 2021 when the disease-free survival endpoint was published in NEJM, and it would be fair to say we were cautious and kept saying "we need to wait for the overall survival data". Well here we are! Patients who received pembro for one year had a 38% reduced risk of death. Big news! We are joined again by Dr Alex Kutikov, Urologist at Fox Chase Cancer Centre, who joined us on the original podcast. We are also joined by his colleague GU Medical Oncologist, Dr Matt Zibelman, who has a lot of experience in this area having been an investigator on the IMmotion 010 study. Unfortunately lead author Dr Toni Choueiri could not join us this time but he gets plenty of mentions!This is a Themed Podcast supported by our Silver Partners, MSD, manufacturers of pembrolizomab, through an educational grant. MSD had no input into the content of this podcast. Even better on our YouTube channelLinks:Full NEJM paper Previous GU Cast on K-564