This week, we're diving into recent research that sheds light on a new form of brain plasticity involving changes in the insulation of nerve fibers — called myelin.  It turns out that myelin plasticity is implicated in a number of serious conditions, from epilepsy to drug abuse and addiction.We're excited to bring back two previous guests on the show to share their insights on this previously unknown form of plasticity:  Stanford psychiatry professor Rob Malenka (S1 E1 - Psychedelics and Empathy),  a pioneer in the study of synaptic plasticity and addiction, and neuro-oncologist Michelle Monje (S1 E12 - Brain Fog), who made some of the very first observations of myelin plasticity in the brain, essentially founding this field.Together, they discuss their recent findings on the role of myelin plasticity in opioid addiction and its implications for understanding addictive behaviors.Get ready to nerd out as we uncover a new angle on our brain's remarkable capacity for change.Learn MoreMyelination in the brain may be key to ‘learning’ opioid addiction | Stanford Medicine (2024)Adaptive and maladaptive myelination in health and disease | Nature Reviews Neurology (2022)Brain plasticity promotes worsening of epileptic seizures, study finds | Stanford Medicine (2022)The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways | Scientific American (2020)Brain boosting: It's not just grey matter that matters | New Scientist (2015)Neural activity promotes brain plasticity through myelin growth, researchers find | News Center | Stanford Medicine (2014)Episode CreditsThis episode was produced by Michael Osborne, with production assistance by Morgan Honaker, and hosted by Nicholas Weiler. Art by Aimee Garza.Send us a text!Thanks for listening! If you're enjoying our show, please take a moment to give us a review on your podcast app of choice and share this episode with your friends. That's how we grow as a show and bring the stories of the frontiers of neuroscience to a wider audience. Learn more about the Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute at Stanford and follow us on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn.